atoms, elements and compounds Flashcards

1
Q

what is an atom?

A

smallest part of an element

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2
Q

whats a compound? can they be separated?

A

2 or more substances chemically combined together, can only be separated into elements by chemical reaction

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3
Q

what is a mixture?

A

2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

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4
Q

how can mixtures be separated?

A

through filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography.

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5
Q

what did the discovery of the electron lead to?

A

the plum pudding model (ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it)

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6
Q

what did the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to?

A

the mass of atom was concentrated at the nucleus, and the nucleus was charged.

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7
Q

how did niel bohr adapt the nuclear model?

A

electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances, theoretical calculations of bohr agreed.

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8
Q

whats the charge of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

1, 0, -1

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9
Q

whats the relative mass of a proton, neutron, electron?

A

1,1, very small.

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10
Q

what are the proton and neutron sum?

A

the mass number

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11
Q

whats an isotope?

A

same number of proton different number of neutrons

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12
Q

what are the elements in the periodic table arranged in order of?

A

atomic (proton) number, elements with similar properties are in groups

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13
Q

what were elements arranged by before discovery of protons neutrons and electrons?

A

order of their atomic weights, gaps left (mendeleev)

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14
Q

what made it possible to explain why order based on atomic weights wasnt correct?

A

knowledge of isotopes

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15
Q

what are group 0?

A

noble gases

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16
Q

what are group 0 properties?

A

unreactive, stable electron arrangements, bp increase going down the group

17
Q

what are group 1?

A

alkali metals

18
Q

what are group 1 characteristics?

A

reactivity increases going down group,

19
Q

what are group 7?

A

halogens

20
Q

properties of group 7 (halogens)

A

non-metals, down group the higher the melting and boiling point. reactivity decreases going down the group.

21
Q

what can more reactive halogens do?

A

displace less reactive halogens from an aqueous solution of salt.

22
Q

what are the transition metals?

A

metals with similar properties different from elements in group 1

23
Q

what are transition elements good for?

A

catalysts