bonding, structure and properties of matter Flashcards
what are the 3 types of strong chemical bonds?
ionic, covalent and metallic
what are the particles for ionic bonding? covalent? metallic?
ionic- oppositely charged ions
covalent- atoms that share pairs of electrons
metallic- share delocalised electrons
when does ionic bonding occur?
compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals
when does covalent bonding occur?
most non-metallic elements in compounds of non-metals
when does metallic bonding occur?
metallic elements and alloys.
how do atoms become positively and negatively charged?
metal- lose electron to become positively charged
non-metals- gain electron to become negatively charged
how do you respresent electron transfer during formation of ionic compound?
using dot and cross diagrams
properties of ionic compounds?
held together by strong electrostatic forces, lattice structure, ionic bonding, giant structure
covalent bonded substances properties?
small molecules, strong bonds, very large molecules (polymers), giant covalent structures eg diamond
how can polymers be represented?
poly(alkene), n is a large number
metals structure?
giant structure, regular pattern arrangement, outer shell electrons delocalised, strong bond
ionic compounds structures?
regular structure, giant ionic lattices, strong electrostatic forces, high melting and boiling points,
what happens when you dissolve or melt an ionic compound?
they can conduct electricity
polymer properties?
large molecules, strong covalent bonds, strong intermolecular forces, solids at room temp
metal properties?
giant structures, strong metallic bonds, high mp and bp.
how are pure metals arranged?
layers, can be bent and shaped.
why are metals good conductors of electricity?
delocalised electrons in metal carry electrical charge
diamond structure?
carbon atom has 4 covalent bonds, giant covalent structure, very hard, high mp, doesnt conduct electricity
graphite structure?
each carbon forms 3 covalent bonds, layers of hexagonal rings, no covalent bonds between layers, 1 electron from each carob delocalised.
what is graphene?
single layer of graphite
fullerenes molecules structure?
carbon atoms with hollow shapes, haxagonal rings of carbon, spherical shape or cylindrical.
what are carbon nanotubes?
cylindrical fullerenes with high length to diameter ratios
what are carbon nanotubes good for?
nanotechnology, electronics and materials
nanoparticles structure?
high surface area to volume ratio
what is nanoscience?
refers to structures that are 1-100nm in size
what are nanoparticles used for?
medicine, electronics, cosmetics, sun creams, deodorants, catalysts.
