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gcse revision! > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the different energy stores?

A

thermal, kinetic, gravitational, potential, elastic, chemicals, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear

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2
Q

whats a system?

A

the object you’re interested in

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3
Q

when can energy transfer happen?

A

during heating or when work is being done

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4
Q

when can work be done?

A

when current flows or by a force moving an object

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5
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A

anything moving, falling.

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6
Q

what is gravitational potential energy?

A

any raised object

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7
Q

what is elastic potential energy?

A

stretching

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8
Q

what is specific latent heat?

A

how hard it is to heat something up, amount of energy required to raise 1kg by 1.

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9
Q

how to investigate specific heat capacities?

A

block of material with 2 holes
measure block mass
wrap in insulating layer
insert themometer and heater
measure initial temp
turn on power supply + stop watch
take reading every minute

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10
Q

what is the conservation of energy?

A

energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but can never be created or destroyed.

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11
Q

what is power?

A

rate of energy transfer, measured in watts, 1 joule of energy per s

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12
Q

what makes a powerful machine?

A

exerts more energy in smallest time period

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13
Q

what is conduction?

A

vibrating particles transferring energy to neighbours.

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14
Q

what is convection?

A

liquids or gases, heat = particles move faster , density decreases

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15
Q

what does a radiator do? (convention current)

A

transfer energy to near by particles, becomes less dense, rise up then replaced by heavier particles and same repeats.

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16
Q

how do you reduce energy loss?

A

lubrication or thermal insulation

17
Q

what is insulation?

A

thick walls made of low thermal conductivity, double glazed windows

18
Q

what do lubricants do?

A

reduce friction

19
Q

how do you investigate effectiveness of materials as thermal insulators?

A

boil water, pour some into sealable container.
measure mass of water in container.
seal and leave for 5 minutes
remove and measure final temperature
pour away water and allow container to cool to room temperature.
repeat with different materials
can investigate with different thickness

20
Q

what does efficiency =?

A

useful output over total output.

21
Q

what is the only thing thats 100% efficient.

A

except electrical heaters as everything is converted to thermal energy.

22
Q

what are examples of non-renewable materials?

A

coal, oil and gas. they are natural, underground for millions of years

23
Q

what are exampled of renewable materials?

A

solar and wind, never run out, unreliable.

24
Q

benefits of wind turbines?

A

no pollution, no permanent damage.

25
Q

disadvantages of wind turbines?

A

noisy, spoilt the view, expensive, take up lots of land.

26
Q

benefits and disadvantages of solar power?

A

no pollution but is very expensive and cant increase power output to meet demands.

27
Q

disadvantages of geothermal power? (slow decay of radioactive elements)

A

expensive to build compared to amount of energy returned, not many suitable locations for it

28
Q

benefits and disadvantages of hydroelectric power? ( flooding valley by building a dam)

A

releases CO2 and methane, loss of habitat, initial high costs but no fuel costs

29
Q

evaluate wave power?

A

need lots of turbines, no pollution, fairly unreliable, high initial costs

30
Q

evaluate tidal barrages?

A

no pollution, reliable, initial high costs.

31
Q

what are biofuels?

A

renewable, plants or animal dung.

32
Q

what are biofuels used for? evaluate them.

A

burnt for electricity, reliable, cant respond to immidiate demand.

33
Q

evaluate non-renewable energy?

A

enough to meet current demand, running out, costs arent expensive.
Releases c02, sulfur dioxide (acid rain)
coal mining ruins landscape
nuclear waste= dangerous

gcse revision! (50 decks)

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