part9

Question 1

shibire flies have a mutation in the gene encoding which protein?

Answer 1

Dynamin

Question 2

Vesicles that carry cargo from the cis-Golgi to the ER have which type of coat?

Answer 2

COP1

Question 3

Where does core glycosylation of secreted proteins occur?

ER

Answer 3

Golgi Apparatus (?)

Question 4

. Name three transcription factors required for formation of motor neurons in the developing embryo.

Answer 4

Pax 6, Olig2, Ngn1

Question 5

Where is the highest concentration of Sonic Hedgehog protein found in the developing spinal cord?

Answer 5

Floorplate of the neural tube

Question 6

Name 3 ways transcription factors can alter gene expression.

Answer 6

Up regulation
Down regulation
Co repression/ Co activation

Question 7

Name 2 organisms commonly used to study embryology.

Answer 7

Xenopus, Sea Urchins C. Elegans

Question 8

Which cell line was established in 1951 from a sample of Henrietta Lacks’s cervical tumor?

Answer 8

HeLa (epithelial cells)

Question 9

On what basis are organelles separated during sedimentation rate density gradient centrifugation?

Answer 9

Size

Question 10

Which cytoskeleton polymer does the motor protein kinesin bind to?

Answer 10

MT

Question 11

What is the name of the family of motor proteins that bind to the actin cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

Myosins

Question 12

Which cytoskeleton motor proteins function in vesicle transport?

Answer 12

Myosins, Kinesins and Dyneins

Question 13

What type of plot reveals the location of possible transmembrane domains in proteins?

Answer 13

Hydrophathy

Question 14

Which phospholipid is retained exclusively on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, except when a cell commits to apoptosis?

Answer 14

PS – phosphotidyl serine

Question 15

. What is the approximate thickness of a typical cellular membrane?

Answer 15

6nm

Question 16

. Which small GTPase is implicated in the regulation of mTOR kinase activity?

Answer 16

Rheb

Question 17

. Name two the most commonly used techniques for the visualization of proteins in SOS-PAGE gels.

Answer 17

Coomassie, Silver

Question 18

Which protein kinase is specifically inhibited by Rapamycin and what is the mechanism of inhibition?

Answer 18

mTOR

Allosterically blocks mTOR by binding to a site other than the active site of mTOR.

Question 19

Name the process whereby a cell replicates its genome multiple times in the absence of cell division.

Answer 19

Endoreduplication

Question 20

What happens to cells if they express non-degradable S-phase cyclin?

Answer 20

Many rounds of DNA replication

Question 21

. At what stage of mitosis does the nuclear membrane breakdown?

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

What is the name of the switch protein that regulates nuclear import?

Answer 22

Ran-GTPase

Question 23

How many mitochondrial proteins are exported to the cytoplasm via complexes homologous to those found in Rickettsia, the mitochondrial antecedents?

Answer 23

13

Question 24

. In what way does the idea of a “tree of life” fail to explain the relationship between current eukaryotes and the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA)?

Answer 24

Doesn’t take recombination and gene transfer into account

Question 25

Where is cytochrome c normally found?

Answer 25

Mitochondrial inter membrane space

Question 26

Which one of the following proteins is important to initiate apoptosis? a) Bax b) Bcl-2 c) Cytochrome c d) Caspase 3

Answer 26

Cytochrome c

Question 27

Name three important functions of the mitochondrial membrane potential.

Answer 27

ATP generation, ion gradients, cell death