part7

Question 1

Different bacterial species can be a variety of shapes. Name 3 of these.

Answer 1

Coccus, Bacillus, Spiral

Question 2

What structure do Gram positive bacteria lack in their cell wall compared to Gram negative bacteria?

Answer 2

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 3

Bacteria with flagella can swim towards a source of nutrients. What is the name of the process by which they find their way to the nutrients?

Answer 3

Chemotaxis

Question 4

At what point in the cell-cycle does the spindle checkpoint act?

Answer 4

The Metaphase/Anaphase Transition of Mitosis (M-Phase)

Question 5

Name the protease that cleaves cohesins to allow sister chromatid separation?

Answer 5

Separase

Question 6

DNA is normally “licensed” for replication at which phase of the cell-cycle?

Answer 6

G1

Question 7

A small protein (approx 25 kDa) can move freely in and out of the lumen of which of the following organelles? (Circle one answer only).

a) nucleus,
b) mitochondria,
c) peroxisome,
d) none of these.

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Entry into the ER by a protein that has a signal sequence at its amino-terminus has which one of the following characteristics? (Circle one answer only).

a) transcription stalls until translation begins,
b) translation finishes before translocation begins,
c) translocation stalls until translation begins,
d) translation stalls until translocation begins.

Answer 8

Translation Stalls until translocation begins

Question 9

For which one of these intracellular trafficking routes have vesicular carriers been reported? (Circle one answer only).

a) endoplasmic reticulum to peroxisome,
b) Golgi to peroxisome,
c) endosome to peroxisome,
d) lipid droplet to peroxisome.

Answer 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum to Peroxisome

Question 10

Is mTOR a serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase?

Answer 10

Serine/threonine

Question 11

Which small GTPase is implicated in the regulation of mTOR kinase activity?

Answer 11

Rheb

Question 12

What is the main application of Western blotting?

Answer 12

Identify proteins present (using antibodies)

Question 13

Which experimental technique did Maurice Wilkins use to show that phospholipids form bilayers?

Answer 13

X-Ray Diffraction

Question 14

Which type of lipids contain sugar residues?

Answer 14

Glycolipids

Question 15

What term can be used to describe a biological molecule that is partially soluble in both aqueous and organic solvents?

Answer 15

Amphiphilic

Question 16

The disease mucolipidosis type II is characterized by which of the following (circle one answer only)?

a) secretion of lysosomal enzymes,
b) inhibition of LDL receptor endocytosis,
c) mis-sorting of the transferrin receptor,
d) inability to translocate proteins into the ER.

Answer 16

Secretion of lysosomal enzymes

Question 17

Which feature of endosomes is crucial for influenza virus particle/ endosome membrane fusion and the subsequent transfer of the influenza genome into the cell cytosol?

Answer 17

low pH

Question 18

Which GTPase is associated with clathrin coated vesicles and involved in coat recruitment?

Answer 18

Dynamin

Question 19

What are iPS cells?

Answer 19

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Question 20

What is Arabidopsis?

Answer 20

Plant used in the study of genetics-used to study stress genes, circadian rhythms, chromatin structure

Question 21

Cite two eukaryote models most commonly used to do genetic studies?

Answer 21

Drosophila, C.elegans

Question 22

Where is Cytochrome C normally found?

Answer 22

Mitochondria (loosely associated with inner membrane)

Question 23

Which of the following proteins is important to initiate apoptosis (circle one answer only)?

a) Bax,
b) Bcl-2,
c) Cytochrome C,
d) Caspase 3.

Answer 23

Cytochrome C

Question 24

The mitochondrial membrane potential has many important functions - name three.

Answer 24

1) Oxidative Phosphorylation (ATP biogenesis)
2) Cell Death
3) Intracellular Ion Homeostasis

Question 25

What effect does the toxin, nocodazole have on the cytoskeleton (circle one answer only)? a) causes microtubule stabilization, b) causes microtubule depolymerization, c) causes actin filament bundling.

Answer 25

Cause Microtubule Depolymerisation

Question 26

Which ONE of these proteins is a major cell-cell adhesion molecule (circle one answer only)? a) integrin, b) focal adhesion kinase, c) cadherin.

Answer 26

cadherin.

Question 27

What type of cytoskeleton process powers membrane protrusion in migrating cells (circle one answer only)? a) actin filament polymerization, b) cell adhesion, c) microtubule polymerization.

Answer 27

Actin Filament Polymerisation

Question 28

Name a member of the potassium channel family that is an ionotropic receptor for a neurotransmitter.

Answer 28

Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor

Question 29

Explain why the current through a simple potassium selective channel (such as the Kcnk3 potassium leak channel) shows outward rectification under normal cellular conditions.

Answer 29

Potassium ions move out of the cell (as extracellular concentration is low)

Question 30

Give an example of a carrier that moves ions across the plasma membrane, but which is not electrogenic (that is, it carries no net charge into or out of the cell during a complete cycle of operation).

Answer 30

Voltage Gated Ca2+ Channels