part8

Question 1

1. Name the phase of the cell-cycle when the chromosomes are correctly aligned on the mitotic spindle.

Answer 1

M-phase

Question 2

. What is the function of APC?

Answer 2

Triggers transition from metaphase and anaphase-ubiquitin ligase that targets securing for degradation, and targets securin for degradation leading to release of separase that cleaves the cohesion complex

Question 3

What produces the force to form the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?

Answer 3

Actin-Myosin II Contractile Bundles

Question 4

Which of these amino acid sequences is a putative ER retrieval signal?

a) –KKXX
b) –NPXY
c) –YXXØ
d) –NXT-

Answer 4

-KKXX

Question 5

Vesicles that carry cargo from the ER to the cis Golgi have which type of coat?

Answer 5

COPII

Question 6

The coupling of which protein to the epidermal growth factor receptor acts as a signal for sorting at the late endosome/ multivesicular body?

Answer 6

Rab

Question 7

Why do electron microscopy specimens need to be presented on very thin sections?

Answer 7

So that electrons can pass through the sample

Question 8

What does FRET stands for?

Answer 8

Fluorescence (or Forster) Resonance Electron Transfer

Question 9

What is Danio rerio (the Zebrafish) used for as a model? Give two or more examples.

Answer 9

Used to study Internal Development (As Visible/Transparent)

Used to study eye, cardiovascular and neurological studies

Question 10

Phospholipid bilayer membranes form spontaneously because of a reduction in which thermodynamic property?

Answer 10

Entropy

Question 11

Which one of these molecules is found embedded in eukaryotic cellular membranes:

                	a) phosphatidylsphingosine
                	b) phosphatidylceramide
                	c) phosphatidylinosine
                	d) phosphatidylethanolamine

Answer 11

Phosphatyidylethanolamine

Question 12

How thick is a typical cell membrane? Units must be clearly stated.

Answer 12

6nm

Question 13

Which protein kinase is activated by AMP?

Answer 13

mTOR

Question 14

Name two signalling molecules which are negative regulators of cell size and growth.

Answer 14

PTEN, TSC2

Question 15

What is the main application of yeast two-hybrid screening?

Answer 15

Protein-Protein Interactions

Question 16

. Which pair of organisms shared a common ancestor most recently? (circle one answer only)

   	        	a) banana / human
   	        	b) Euglena / baker’s yeast
   	        	c) banana / baker’s yeast
   	        	d) human / baker’s yeast

Answer 16

Euglena/Baker’s Yeast

Question 17

For import of proteins into mitochondria which statement is true? Circle one answer only.
a) Proteins fold before passing through the mitochondrial outer membrane
b) No energy is required for protein uptake into mitochondria
c) The machine that inserts proteins into the outer membrane after
they have been translocated into the intermembrane space has
recognisable bacterial homologues
d) The machine that inserts proteins into the outer membrane before
they have been translocated into the intermembrane space has
recognisable bacterial homologues

Answer 17

The machine that inserts proteins into the outer membrane after
they have been translocated into the intermembrane space has
recognisable bacterial homologues

Question 18

Which enzyme is found in peroxisomes:

   	        	a) catalase
   	        	b) ATP synthase
   	        	c) ribonuclease
   	        	d) acid phosphatase

Answer 18

Catalase

Question 19

What are the three defining characteristics of somatic stem cells?

Answer 19

Self Renewal
High Proliferation Potential
Multipotent (Not terminally differentiated)

Question 20

What does GM-CSF stand for?

Answer 20

Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor

Question 21

Name three areas of the body where bone marrow is found in adults?

Answer 21

Pelvis, Sternum, Cranium (and Long Bones such as the Femur)

Question 22

Which is the major mitochondrial regulator of the permeability transition pore?

Answer 22

Ca2+ levels

Question 23

What is the immediate consequence of a fall in mitochondrial membrane potential?

Answer 23

No Oxidative ATP generation

Question 24

What are the enzymes called that dismantle the cell during apoptosis?

Answer 24

Caspases