part10 Flashcards
. Name one organism commonly used to study apoptosis during development.
Xenopus
C. Elegans
Drosophila
What are IPS cells?
Induced pluripotent stem cells
On what basis are organelles separated during cell fractionation by differential centrifugation?
Size
Density
Which cytoskeleton polymer does the motor protein dynein bind to?
MT
Which particular myosin family member functions in muscle contraction?
Myosin II
What cytoskeleton activity pushes out the cell front during cell migration?
Cell front protrusion involving actin polymerisation.
Lamellipodia
Giardia are eukaryotic unicellular organisms that have no apparent mitochondria. What is the key piece of evidence indicating that the ancestors of Giardia did once have mitochondria?
Remnants of organelles
Presence of mitochondrial specific genes in their genome
What does LCEA stand for?
Last common eukaryotic ancestor
What aspect of cell function are P-bodies involved in?
Processing bodies, store mRNA
What is endoreduplication? Give an example
Multiple rounds of DNA replication, no cell division. E.g Drosophila Embryo
What produces the force that forms the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis
Actin – myosin II
Name the two major ubiquitin ligases that control progress through the cell cycle
SCF, APC
Name the macromolecular carrier for cholesterol in the bloodstream?
LDL
What is the retrieval signal for the retention of soluble lumenal proteins in the ER?
-KDEL at the C-terminus
What modification directs pre-lysosomal proteins to the lysosome?
Mannose phosphorylation
On average how thick is the plasma membrane?
6nm
Name an equation that relates equilibrium membrane potential to the concentration of ions.
Nernst
. Approximately how many amino acid residues are needed to form an alpha helix sufficiently long to span the hydrophobic core of a cellular membrane?
20AA
What are the 3 defining characteristics of somatic stem cells?
High proliferation potential
Generate multiple cell types
Self renewal
Not terminally differentiated
Can divide without limitations
• Daughter cell can either commit to differentiation, or remain as a stem cell
What does M-CSF stand for?
Macrophage colony stimulating factor
. Name 3 parts of the body where bone marrow is found in adults?
Hip bone, sternum, skull
Long bones such as the femur or humerus
Which is the key mitochondrial protein that initiates apoptosis when released into the cytosol?
Cytochrome C
What is the enzyme cascade that mediates dismantling of the cell during apoptosis?
Caspase Cascade
. Name 3 of the processes which together constitute mitochondrial quality control?
Mitochondrial Autophagy
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Mitochondrial Fission/Fusion
