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Phys III Exam 3 > Part VI > Flashcards

Part VI Flashcards

1
Q

A decreased V/P ratio results in what?

A

increase in physiologic shunt blood

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2
Q

What is physiologic shunt blood?

A

blood that doesn’t pick up oxygen when it goes through the lungs

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3
Q

An increased V/P ratio results in what?

A

increase in physiologic dead space

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4
Q

What is physiologic dead space?

A

area in the lungs where oxygenation is not taking place

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5
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

the max oxygen that can be absorbed from the lung and delivered to the tissue per minute

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6
Q

What is the best measure of cardiovascular fitness?

A

VO2 max

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7
Q

VO2 max is limited by what?

A

cardiac output, not pulmonary ventilation

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8
Q

During exercise, what improves as stroke volume increases?

A

VO2 max

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9
Q

Does heart rate stay constant as stroke volume increases?

A

yes

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10
Q

What are the VO2 maxes for cardiac patients, sedentary person, endurance athlete?

A
  1. 5 L/min
  2. 0 L/min
  3. 0 L/min
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11
Q

How much oxygen is carried from the lung to the tissue?

A

5mL/dL

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12
Q

How much oxygen is dissolved into the tissue

A

3%

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13
Q

How much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin?

A

97%

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14
Q

How much carbon dioxide goes from tissue to lungs?

A

4mL/dL

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15
Q

How much carbon dioxide is dissolved?

A

7%

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16
Q

How much carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin?

A

23%

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17
Q

How much carbon dioxide is made into bicarbonate acid?

A

70%

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18
Q

How much carbon dioxide can be used to make metabolic water?

A

1mL/dL

19
Q

What is the pH of arterial blood?

A

7.41

20
Q

What is the pH of venous blood?

A

7.37

21
Q

What makes venous blood more acidic?

A

bicarbonate, phosphate and protein buffers

22
Q

In exercise, venous blood can drop to what pH?

A

6.9

23
Q

When oxygen is in the cells, How much is turned into CO2 and how much of it is converted to water?

A

80% CO2

20% water

24
Q

What is utilized for energy that increases the metabolic water up to 30%?

A

fatty acids

25
Q

If only ___ are used for energy, then no metabolic water is generated from oxygen. What is it converted to?

A

CHO, CO2

26
Q

70% of carbon dioxide is carried in the form of what?

A

bicarbonate ion

27
Q

What catalyzes the reaction of water and CO2 in RBCs?

A

carbonic anhydrase

28
Q

As HCO3 leaves the RBC, it is replaced by what?

A

Cl-

29
Q

What does the RBC do when carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin?

A

it reacts with amine radicals of hemoglobin and other plasma proteins

30
Q

How much CO2 is dissolved ?

A

7%

31
Q

As PO2 decreases, hemoglobin does what?

A

releases more oxygen

32
Q

If PO2 is at 95mmHg in the arteries, what kind of saturation does hemoglobin have?

A

97%

33
Q

If PO2 is at 40 mmHg in the veins, what kind of saturation does hemoglobin have?

A

70%

34
Q

A shift to the right in the oxy-hemoglobin curve promotes what? Why?

A

dissociation because there is an increase in temperature, CO2, decrase in pH and increase in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG)

35
Q

Where is a shift to the right on the oxy-hemoglobin curve promoted?

A

tissues

36
Q

A shift to the left in the oxy-hemoglobin curve promotes what and where?

A

association, promoted in lungs

37
Q

What does carbon monoxide do?

A

competes with oxygen for binding sites on hemoglobin

38
Q

What affinity does carbon momoxide have for hemoglobin?

A

250x that of oxygen

39
Q

small partial pressures of carbon monoxide will saturate how much hemoglobin, and can decrease oxygen carrying cappacity of hemoglobin by how much?

A

97% of the hemoglobin, decreases oxygen carrying capacity by 50%

40
Q

How much CO can be lethal?

A

1%

41
Q

How is CO poisoning treated?

A

95% oxygen and 5% CO2 to rapidly displace CO

42
Q

What happens when you treat CO poisoning?

A

there is an increase in ventilation because of more CO2

43
Q

A small amount of what is produced by the body?

A

CO

44
Q

What is the function of carbon monoxide in the body?

A

signaling molecule in nervous system, vasodilator, important role in immune, respiratory, GI, kidney and liver systems

Phys III Exam 3 (10 decks)

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