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Phys III Exam 3 > Part I > Flashcards

Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pathway of ventilation.

A

Cerebral cortex and other higher brain centers –> respiratory center (medulla) –> spinal cord –> respiratory muscles –> lung and chest wall–> respiratory membrane –> blood

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2
Q

What is the point of the respiratory center?

A

Sets the basic drive of ventilation

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3
Q

Where does ventilation actually occur?

A

At the lung and chest wall

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4
Q

How many layers are there for the respiratory membrane? What are the room layers?

A

2, respiratory membrane and capillary wall

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5
Q

What do mechanoreceptors control?

A

Coughing, airway constriction, hyperventilation

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6
Q

What do chemoreceptors monitor?

A

CO2, O2, pH in the blood

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7
Q

What is the coupled reaction in the ventilation cycle?

A

Ventilation of alveoli coupled with perfusion of pulmonary capillaries

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8
Q

Alveolar pressure oscillates around what?

A

Atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

Where does alveolar pressure sit during Inspiration?

A

Below atmospheric pressure

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10
Q

Where does alveolar pressure sit during expiration?

A

Above atmospheric pressure

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11
Q

Where does alveolar pressure sit at the end of either expiration or inspiration?

A

Alveolar = atmospheric

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12
Q

Define Transpulmonary pressure.

A

Measures the recoil tendency of the lung, which peaks at the end of inspiration

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13
Q

TLC Definition

A

Total lung capacity, lungs at full inflation

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14
Q

TLC

A

IRV TV ERV RV

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15
Q

IC definition

A

Inspiration capacity, max volume one can inspire

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16
Q

IC

A

TV IRV

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17
Q

FRC definition

A

Functional residual capacity, air left in lungs after normal expiration

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18
Q

FRC

A

RV ERV

19
Q

IRV definition

A

Inspiratory reserve volume, max volume after normal inspiration

20
Q

TV definition

A

Tidal volume, air moved in or out at each breath

21
Q

ERV definition

A

Expiration reserve volume, max volume you can expire after after normal expiration

22
Q

RV definition

A

Residual volume, air left in lungs after max expiration effort

23
Q

VC definition

A

Vital capacity, max air one exchanges in a respiratory exchange

24
Q

VC

A

IRV TV ERV

25
Q

Inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, anterior serratus, posterior serratus, superior serratus, Levator costarum, scalenes

26
Q

Expiration muscles

A

Abdominals, internal intercostals, posterior serratus, inferior serratus, transverse thoracis, pyramidals

27
Q

What to inspiratory muscles do?

A

Lift rib cage, EXCEPT diaphragm

28
Q

What does the diaphragm do?

A

Drops floor of the thoracic cage

29
Q

What do expiration muscles do?

A

Pull riback cage down during forced expiration, otherwise expiration is passive

30
Q

Define pleural pressure.

A

Negative pressure between the parietal and visceral pleura

31
Q

What does pleural pressure do?

A

Keeps lung inflated against chest wall

32
Q

What is alveolar pressure?

A

Subatmospheric during Inspiration, supratmospheric pressure during expiration

33
Q

Describe parietal pleura.

A

Firmly attached to the thoracic cage and reflects back at the hillman to form the visceral pleura

34
Q

Describe visceral pleura.

A

Firmly attached to lungs

35
Q

Describe the recoil relationship at the end of expiration.

A

Chest wall forces are opposite, but equal to lungs recoil forces

36
Q

What is the equation for compliance?

A

Change in pressure divided by the change in time

37
Q

Define hysteresis

A

When the plegal pressure changes at a faster rate than the lung expands during Inspiration

38
Q

Why is it easier to fill a saline lung compared to an air filled lung?

A

Because the surface tension forces have been eliminated in the saline filied lung

39
Q

What does the thoracic cage do to the compliance of the lung?

A

The thoracic cage reduces the compliance of the lung by 1/2 at the end of a normal expiration (functional residual capacity)

40
Q

When is compliance greatly reduced?

A

At high or low lung volumes

41
Q

What is the primary factor in the work of breathing?

A

Elastic work/compliance work

42
Q

What are other ways of work for breathing?

A

Tissue resistance work, airway resistance work, energy required for ventilation

43
Q

Ventilation takes up how much of the body’s total energy?

A

3-5%

44
Q

What is tissue resistance work?

A

Viscosity of chest and lung wall

Phys III Exam 3 (10 decks)

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