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Phys III Exam 3 > Part II > Flashcards

Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

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2
Q

What is the normal arterial CO2?

A

40mmHg

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3
Q

How many breaths per minute is normal?

A

12-17 breaths per minute

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4
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased pulmonary ventilation matching metabolic demand

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5
Q

What is the arterial CO2 for hyperpnea?

A

40mmHg

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6
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased pulmonary ventilation, decreased metabolic demand

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7
Q

What is the arterial CO2 for hyperventilation?

A

Arterial CO2

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8
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decrease pulmonary ventilation, normal metabolic demand

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9
Q

What is the arterial CO2 for hypoventilation?

A

Arterial CO2 > pulmonary ventilation

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10
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

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11
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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12
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing when recumbent

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13
Q

Who gets orthopnea?

A

People with congestI’ve heart failure, asthmatics, lungs failure patients

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased frequency of breathing

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15
Q

Is tachypnea good or bad?

A

Depends, could be because of exercise or hyperventilation

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16
Q

Do lungs have a natural tendency to collapse?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What prevents the lung from collapsing?

A

Surface tension forces (2/3) and elastic fibers (1/3)

18
Q

What happens when the pleural space comes in to contact with the atmosphere?

A

The pleural pressure equals the atmospheric pressure and the lung collapses

19
Q

What is a collapse lunget caused by?

A

Puncture wound
Erosion of visceral pleura
Blockage of major airway

20
Q

Why would a blockage of a lunch get cause collapse?

A

The air distal to the block will be absorbed by the blood

21
Q

What is pleural fluid?

A

Thin layer of mucous that provides lubrication

22
Q

What kind of fluid is pleural fluid?

A

Transudate

23
Q

What is the total amount of pleural fluid in the lung?

A

A few mL

24
Q

How is excess pleural fluid removed?

A

Lymphatics in mediastinum, superior surface of diaphragm, lateral surfaces of parietal pleural

25
Q

What helps make negative pleural pressure?

A

Pleural fluid

26
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant?

A

Reduces surface tension forces by forming a monomolecular layer between aqueous fluid lining the alveoli and air, preventing water-air interference

27
Q

What is surfactant produced by?

A

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells

28
Q

What is surfactant made of?

A

Phospholipids, proteins, dipalmitoyl lecithen, surfactant apoproteins, calcuim

29
Q

Why is surfactant important?

A

Without surfactant, smaller alveoli have increased collapsing pressure and tends to empty into larger alveoli

30
Q

What is the law of Laplace?

A

P= 2T/r

31
Q

As alveolar size decreases, surfactant is concentrated which decreases surface tension forces, offsetting the decrease in radius

A

…

32
Q

What is interdependance?

A

Size of one alveoli determined in part by surrounding alveoli

33
Q

What lung capacities cannot be determined by basic spirometry?

A

RV, TLC, FRC

34
Q

What is the equation to find FRC? What does it mean?

A

FRC= ([Hei]/[Hef])Vi

Hei= initial concentration of the helium
Hef= final concentration of the helium 
Vi= initial volume of air in the jar
35
Q

How do you determine RV?

A

RV= FRC-ERV

36
Q

How do you determine TLC?

A

TLC= RV+VC

37
Q

What parts of the lung capacity decrease with restrictive lung conditions?

A

VC, IRV, IC

38
Q

How do you determine minute respiratory volume?

A

Respiratory rate x total volume

39
Q

How do you determine forced expiratory volume?

A

Forced expiratory volume/vital capacity

40
Q

What are the pulmonary flow rates?

A

Minute respiratory volume, forced expiratory volume, peak expiratory flow, max very tilatory volume

Phys III Exam 3 (10 decks)

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