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Phys III Exam 3 > Part IV > Flashcards

Part IV Flashcards

1
Q

Which is thicker, pulmonary artery or aorta? By how much?

A

Aorta, 3x

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2
Q

Which is thicker, right ventricle or left ventricle? By how much?

A

Left, 3x

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3
Q

All pulmonary arteries have a larger what?

A

Lumen

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4
Q

Why do pulmonary arteries have a larger lumen?

A

It makes them more compliant, they operate under a lower pressure and they can accommodate 2/3 of the stroke volume from the right ventricle

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5
Q

Pulmonary veins have similar compliance to what?

A

Systemic veins

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6
Q

What is the total pulmonic blood volume?

A

450mL or 9% of total blood volume

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7
Q

What kind of function does the pulmonary system have?

A

Reservoir function

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8
Q

What makes a reservoir function special?

A

It allows the pulmonary system to hold from 1/2-2x the total pulmonic blood volume

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9
Q

Shifts in pulmonic volume can occur from what?

A

Pulmonic to systemic or vice versa

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10
Q

What can increase pulmonic volume by 100%? Why?

A

Mitral stenosis because the blood can’t get back to the heart

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11
Q

The shift in pulmonic blood flow has a great effect on what?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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12
Q

What does the bronchial artery stem from?

A

Thoracic aorta

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13
Q

What do the systemic bronchial arteries supply.?

A

Supporting tissue, airways of the lung

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14
Q

What percent of CO is bronchial arteries taking up?

A

2%

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15
Q

Venous drainage goes into what?

A

Azygous or pulmonary veins

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16
Q

What happens when there is drainage into the pulmonic veins?

A

It causes the left ventricular output to be slightly higher than than the right ventricular output. Some deoxygenated blood also gets mixed in with the oxygenated pulmonic blood

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17
Q

Why do the lungs receive excess blood flow?

A

It receives both total pulmonic flow and some systemic flow simultaneously

18
Q

What is the total flow to the lungs equation?

A

Right ventricular output (pulmonic flow) + bronchial artery (small portion, systemic flow from aorta

19
Q

Right ventricular output is equal to what?

A

Cardiac output

20
Q

What percent of blood flow is bronchial artery?

A

1-2%

21
Q

Where do pulmonary lymphatics extend to?

A

All supportive tissue of the lungs and courses through the hilum

22
Q

What pulmonary lymphatics do?

A

Removes plasma filtrate, particulate matter absorbed from alveoli and escaped proteins from the vascular system

23
Q

How does pulmonary lymphatics maintain negative pleural pressure?

A

Pulls alveolar epithelium against capillary endothelium “respiratory membrane”

24
Q

What is normal pulmonary artery pressure?

A

25/8

25
Q

What is mean pulmonary artery pressure?

A

15mmHg

26
Q

What is mean pulmonary capillary pressure?

A

7mmHg

27
Q

What is major pulmonary veins and left atrium mean pressure?

A

2mmHg

28
Q

Cardiac output equals what?

A

Pulmonary blood flow

29
Q

If cardiac output equals pulmonary are blood flow, what does that mean when something affects CO?

A

Pulmonic blood flow will also be affected

30
Q

Blood is driven to what part of the lung?

A

Well ventilated areas

31
Q

How is blood driven to a more well ventilated area of the lung?

A

Low alveolar oxygen causes release of a local vasoconstrictor, which automatically redistributes blood to better ventilated areas

32
Q

SNS causes what to the lungs?

A

Vasoconstriction

33
Q

3-30Hz increases what about 30%?

A

Pulmonary blood pressure

34
Q

What is pulmonary blood pressure mediated by?

A

Alpha receptors

35
Q

The alpha response on pulmonary blood pressure is abolished at how many Hz? What happens at that number?

A

30Hz, beta receptors are unmasked

36
Q

Parasympathetics cause what of the lung?

A

Vasodilation

37
Q

Low alveolar oxygen causes what?

A

Major constrictor effect on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle

38
Q

When does capillary increase in the lung?

A

when it gets toward the base of the lung because of gravity

39
Q

Describe Zone 1.

A

there is no flow in zone 1, the alveolar pressure is greater than the capillary pressure. it normally doesn’t exist

40
Q

Describe Zone 2.

A

there is intermittent flow in zone 2, the capillary pressure is greater than the alveolar pressure during systole and the capillary pressure is less than the alveolar pressure during diastole

41
Q

Describe Zone 3.

A

there is continuous flow in zone 3 as you go toward the base, capillary pressure is greater than alveolar pressure

42
Q

During exercise, what zone is the entire lung in?

A

zone 3

Phys III Exam 3 (10 decks)

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