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Phys III Exam 3 > Part V > Flashcards

Part V Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Starling forces.

A

an equation that illustrates the role of hydrostatic and oncotic forces in the movement of fluid across the capillary membranes

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2
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure - interstitial hydrostatic pressure= ?

A

filtration forces

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3
Q

plasma colloid osmotic pressure - interstitial colloid osmotic pressure= ?

A

Reabsorption forces

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4
Q

filtration forces - reabsorption forces= ?

A

net forces (favor filtration)

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5
Q

Any excess fluid in the pulmonary capillaries or particles we inhale is taken where?

A

lymphatics

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6
Q

What is vapor pressure of H2O?

A

pressure that is exerted by the water molecules to escape form the liquid to air

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7
Q

What is vapor pressure due to?

A

molecular motion and is proportional to temperature

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8
Q

What is the vapor pressure of water at body temperature?

A

47mmHg

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9
Q

What is body temperature in celcius?

A

37 degrees celcius

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10
Q

What part of atmospheric air is significantly increased once it hits the alveoli?

A

CO2

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11
Q

What is the dilution effect?

A

as water, oxygen and nitrogen are diluted, carbon dioxide is concentrated

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12
Q

What is the alveolar oxygen concentration?

A

104 mmHg

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13
Q

What is the alveolar carbon dioxide concentration?

A

40 mmHg

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14
Q

Boyle’s law.

A

If temperature and volume are constant and there is a given quantity of gas, pressure is inversely proportional to volume

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15
Q

Avogadro’s law.

A

volume of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same amount of molecules

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16
Q

Charles’ Law.

A

at a constant volume, the pressure of gas is proportional to its absolute temperature.

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17
Q

Grahm’s Law.

A

the rate of diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. (bigger moleculaes are slower to diffuse than smaller molecules)

18
Q

Henry’s Law.

A

the quantity of gas that can dissolve in a fluid is equal to the partial pressure of the gas times the solubility coefficient

19
Q

Dalton’s Law of partial pressures.

A

the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressure exerted by each gas

20
Q

What is the dilution coefficient?

A

solubility/ square root of molecular weight

21
Q

What are the properties of gas?

A

solubility proportional, square root of molecular weight is inversely proportional

22
Q

What does the relative diffusion coefficient represent?

A

how readily a particular gas will diffuse across the respiratory membrane and is proportional to its solubility and is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight

23
Q

The lungs consist of how many alveoli?

A

300 million

24
Q

What are the two cell layers of the respiratory membrane?

A

Alveolar epithelium and capillary epithelium

25
Q

How thick is the average epithelium of the lung?

A

.5-.6 microns

26
Q

What is the total surface area of the lung?

A

50-100 meters squared

27
Q

How much pulmonary capillary blood is there usually?

A

60-140mL

28
Q

What is the normal amount of oxygen in the lung at a time?

A

21mL/min/mmHg

29
Q

What is the mean pressure gradient of oxygen?

A

11mmHg

30
Q

How fast does oxygen go through the lung?

A

230mL/min

31
Q

Does oxygen increase during exercise?

A

Yes

32
Q

What diffuses 20x more rapidly than oxygen?

A

CO2

33
Q

As you expire a normal tital volume, what happens to oxygen?

A

Goes from 159 to 104mmHg

34
Q

As you expire a normal tital volume, what happens to CO2?

A

0-40mmHg

35
Q

As you expire a normal tital volume, what is the last 250mL of air?

A

alveolar air

36
Q

As you expire a normal tital volume, what kind of air is the middle 150mL of air?

A

mix of dead space and alveolar air

37
Q

How many breaths does it take to completely turn over alveolar air?

A

6-7 breaths

38
Q

Why does it take so many breaths to completely turn over alveolar air?

A

it helps prevent large changes in gas concentration in alveoli from breath to breath

39
Q

What is the normal rate of ventilation-perfusion?

A

4L/m of air to 5L/m of blood

40
Q

If the V/P ratio decreases, what is it usually due to?

A

decreased ventilation

41
Q

What is the more unlikely reason the V/P ratio could decrease?

A

too much perfusion

42
Q

If the V/P ratio increases, what is it usually due to?

A

decreased perfusion of the lungs or increased ventilation from increased physiologic dead space or wasting ventilation

Phys III Exam 3 (10 decks)

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