Part of Chapter 10

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to direct one’s thinking, adapt to one’s circumstances, adn learn from one’s experiences

Question 2

ratio IQ

Answer 2

a statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s pysical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100

Question 3

deviation IQ

Answer 3

a statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100

Question 4

factor analysis

Answer 4

a statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors

Question 5

two-factor theory of intelligence

Answer 5

spearman’s theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (which he called a g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s)

Question 6

confirmatory factor analysis

Answer 6

general factor (g) at the top

specific factors (s) at the bottom

and a set of factors (group factors) in the middle

Question 7

fraternal twins (also called dizygotic twins)

Answer 7

twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm

Question 8

identical twins (also called monozygotic twins)

Answer 8

twins who develop from hte splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm

Question 9

heritability coefficient

Answer 9

a statistic (commonly denoted as h squared) that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genes

Question 10

shared environment

Answer 10

those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household

Question 11

nonshared environment

Answer 11

those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household

Question 12

congnitive enhancers

Answer 12

drugs that produce improvements in the psychological processes that underlie intelligent behavior