Chapter 15 Flashcards
Why people fail to get treatment
- they do not realize that their disorder needs to be treated
- there may be barriers to treatment, such as beliefs or curcumstances that keep people from getting help
- even people who acknowledge they have a problem may not know where to look for services
psychotherapy
an interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem
eclectic psychotherapy
treatment (psychotherapy) that draws on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem
- over a third of therapists use this method
psychodynamic psychotherapies
a general approach to treatment that explores childhood events and encourages individuals to develop insight into their psychological problems
psychoanalysis
assumes that humans are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood development through the use of defense mechanisms
techniques to help a client develop insight:
- free association - the client reports every thought without filtering
- dream analysis
- interpretation - therapist deciphers the meaning of what the client says or does
resistance
a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material
transference
an event that occurs in psychoanalysis when the analyst begins to assume a mjor significance in the client’s life and the client reacts to the analyst based in unconscious childhood fantasies
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships
behavior therapy
a type of therapy that assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors
- behavior can be predicted by its consequences
token economy
a form of behavior therapy in which clients are given “tokens” for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards
exposure therapy
an approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response
systematic desensitization
a procedure in which a client relaxes all the muscles of hisor her body while imagining being in increasingly frightening situations
cognitive therapy
a form of psychotherapy that involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world
cognitive restructuring
a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs
mindfulness meditation
a form of cognitive therapy that teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings, and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies
-transparent –nothing is withheld from the client
person-centered therapy
an approach to therapy that assumes all individuals have a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist
Gestalt therapy
an existentialist approach to treatment with the goal of helping the client become aware of his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, adn feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for them
group therapy
therapy in which multiple participants (who often do not know one another at the outset) work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere
antipsychotic drugs
medications that are used to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
psychopharmacology
the study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms
antianxiety medications
drugs that help reduce a person’s experience of fear or anxiety
- benzodiazepines
- facilitates GABA
- people often develop a tolerance
antidepressants
a class of drugs that hel[p lift people’s mood
- monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
a treatment that involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person’s scalp, which alters neuronal activity in the brain
phototherapy
a therapy that involves repeated exposure to bright light
psychosurgery
surgical destruction of specific brain areas
three possible illusions of treatment
- natural improvement - you would have gotten better anyway without the meds
- nonspecific treatment effects - you might improve because you have a good relationship with your doctor, not because of the meds
- reconstuctive memory - you think your symptoms before treatment were worse than they actually were
placebo
an inert substance or procedure that has been applied with the expectation that a healing response will be produced
-huge effects in psychological treatment
outcome studies
designed to evaluate whether a particular treatment works
process studies
designed to answer questions regarding why a treatment works or under what circumstances a treatment works
iatrogenic illness
a disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment
