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Psych 202 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

an individuals characteristic style of behaving, thinking and feeling

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2
Q

self-report

A

a series of answers to a questionaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behavior or mental state

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3
Q

Minnesota Multiohasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

A

a well researched, clinical questionaire used to assess personality and psychological problems

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4
Q

projective techniques

A

a standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual’s personality

(like looking at a cloud)

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5
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

a projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent’s inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure

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6
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

a projective personality test in which respondents reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the world through the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people

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7
Q

trait

A

a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way

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8
Q

big five

A

the traits of the five-factor model: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion

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9
Q

anthropomorphize

A

to attribute human characteristics to animals

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10
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

an approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness - motives that can also produce emotional disorders

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11
Q

dynamic unconscious

A

an active system encompasing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

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12
Q

id

A

the part of the mind containing drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, adn impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives

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13
Q

ego

A

the component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands

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14
Q

superego

A

the mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents excersize their authority

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15
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses.

includes:

  • rationalization
  • reaction formation
  • projection
  • regression
  • displacement
  • identification
  • sublimination
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16
Q

rationalization

A

a defense mechanism that involves supplying a reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal (mostly from oneself) one’s underlying motives or feelings

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17
Q

reaction formation

A

a defense mechanism that involves unconsiously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite

ex: being really nice to someone you hate

18
Q

projection

A

a defense mechanism that involves attributing one’s own threatening feelings, motives, or impluses to another person or group

ex: you think you’re dishonest, you judge others as dishonest

19
Q

regression

A

a defense mechanism in which the ego deal with internal conflict and percieved threat by reverting to an immature behavior or earlier stage of development

ex: thumb sucking, baby talk in adults

20
Q

displacement

A

a defense mechanism that involves shifting unaccpetable wishes or drives to a neutral or less-threatening alternative

ex: kicking the cat when you’re mad at your boss

21
Q

identification

A

a defense mechanism that helps deal with feelings of threat and anxiety by enabling us uncounsiously to take on the characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or better able to cope

ex: a kid whose bullied at home may bully other kids at school

22
Q

sublimation

A

a defense mechanism that involves channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive drives into socially accpetable and culturally enhancing activities

ex: football

23
Q

psychosexual stages

A

distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interefere with those pleasures

*Freud

24
Q

fixation

A

a phenomenon in which a person’s pleasure-seeking drives become psychologically stuck, or arrested, at a particular psychosexual stage

25
Q

oral stage

A

the first psychosexual stage, in which experience centers on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking, and being fed

-age 0-18 months

26
Q

anal stage

A

the second psychosexual stage, which is dominated by the pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, retention, and expulsion of feces and urine, and toilet training

-age 2-3 years

27
Q

phallic stage

A

the third psychosexual stage, during which experience is dominated by the pleasure, conflict, and frustration associated with the phallic-genital region as well as coping with powerful incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy, and conflict

-age 3-5 years

28
Q

oedipus conflict

A

a developmental experience in which a child’s conflicting feelings toward the opposite-sex parent are (usually) resolved by identifying with the same-sex parent

  • occurs during phallic stage
29
Q

latency stage

A

the fourth psychosexual stage, in which the primary focus is on the further development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skills

-age 5-13 years

30
Q

genital stage

A

the final psychosexual stage, a time for the coming together of the mature adult personality with a capacity to love, work, and relate to others in a mutually satisfying and reciprocal manner

-adulthood

31
Q

self-actualizing tendency

A

the human motive toward realizing our inner potential

32
Q

existential approach

A

a school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death

33
Q

social cognitive approach

A

an approach the views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

34
Q

person-situation controversy

A

the question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors

35
Q

personal constructs

A

dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences

36
Q

outcome expectancies

A

a person’s assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior

37
Q

locus of control

A

a person’s tendency to percieve the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment

38
Q

self-concept

A

a person’s explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics

39
Q

self-verification

A

the tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self-concept

40
Q

self-esteem

A

the extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self

41
Q

self-serving bias

A

people’s tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures

42
Q

narcissism

A

a trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others

Psych 202 (13 decks)

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