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Psych 202 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

medical model

A

the conceptualization of psychological disorders as diseases that, like physical diseases, have biological causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures

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2
Q

DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostics and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition, Text Revision])

A

a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems.

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3
Q

DSM-IV-TR qualifications for a disorder

A
  • symptoms that invlve disturbances of behavior, thoughts, or emotions
  • symptoms are associated with significant personal distress or impairment
  • the symptoms stem from an internal dysfunction (biological, psychological, or both)
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4
Q

comorbidity

A

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

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5
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disroder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

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6
Q

anxiety disorder

A

the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature

(includes generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorders, panic, and obsessive compulsive disorder)

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7
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

a disorder characteriszed by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance

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8
Q

phobic disorders

A

disorders characterized by marked, persistant, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations

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9
Q

specific phobia

A

a disorder that involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual’s ability to function

  • five categories:
    1. animals
    2. natural environments (heights, darkness, etc)
    3. situations (bridges)
    4. blood, injections or injury
    5. ohter phobias (illness, death, etc)
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10
Q

social phobia

A

a disorder that involves an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarassed

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11
Q

preparedness theory

A

the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

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12
Q

panic disorder

A

a disorder characterized by the sudden occurrance of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

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13
Q

agoraphobia

A

an extreme fear of venturing in public places

-many just have a fear of having a panic attack in public places

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14
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive, thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning

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15
Q

mood disorders

A

mental disorders that have mood disturbance as their predominant feature

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16
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a disorder characteriszed by severely depressed mood that lasts 2 weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances

17
Q

dysthymia

A

a disorder that involves the same symptoms as in depression only less severe, but the symptoms last longer, persisting for at least 2 years

18
Q

double depression

A

a moderately depressed mood that persists for at least 2 years and is punctuated by periods of major depression

19
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

20
Q

right dorsolateral cortex

A

increased activation linked to depression

(decreased activation in left also linked to depressions)

21
Q

helplessness theory

A

the idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal (ex: their own fault), stable (unlikely to change), and global (widespread)

22
Q

bipolar disorder

A

an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistant high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

23
Q

dissociative disorder

A

a condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years

24
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual’s behavior

25
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information

26
Q

dissociative fugue

A

the sudden loss of memory for one’s personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity

27
Q

schizphrenia

A

a disorder charcterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior

symptoms:

  • delusion
  • hallucination
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized behavior
  • catatonic behavior
  • negative symptoms
28
Q

delusion

A

a patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of irrationality

ex: he thinks he’s Jesus

29
Q

hallucination

A

a false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation

-hearing, seeing, smelling

30
Q

disorganized speech

A

a severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic

31
Q

grossly disorganized behavior

A

behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances

  • ex: childlike silliness, innapropriate sexual behavior (like masturbating in public), etc
32
Q

catatonic behavior

A

a marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity

  • catatonic stupor = unaware of their surroundings
33
Q

negative symptoms

A

emotional and social withdrawal; apathy; povery of speech; and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, motivation, and emotion

34
Q

5 types of schizophrenia

A
  • paranoid type
  • catatonic type
  • disorganized type
  • undifferentiated type
  • residual type
35
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

the idea that schizphrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity

36
Q

personality disorder

A

disorder characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning

37
Q

three clusters of personality disorders

A
  • odd/ eccentric
  • dramatic/ erratic
  • axious / inhibited
38
Q

antisocial personality disorder (APD)

A

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescense and continues into adulthood

Psych 202 (13 decks)

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