PART A CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
How should you correct altitudes in cold weather conditions?
Corrections to MSA: TEMPERATURE CORRECTION ISA-15 or above No correction < ISA -15°C +10% < ISA -30°C +20% < ISA -50°C +25%
Corrections for altitudes at or below MSA:
Aerodrome at or below 0°C, use table in Part A or QRH.
What minimum separation with terrain should be maintained throughout the flight?
- 1 000 ft from obstacles or terrain up to 5,000 ft AMSL
- 2,000 ft from obstacles or terrain higher than 5,000 ft AMSL.
MOCA, in Magenta on the en route chart provides 1 500 ft / 2 000ft terrain separation.
In airspace where track is well defined by 2 separate navaids, separation must be maintained from obstacles and terrain within
10nm either side of track
10nm beyond checkpoints
Elsewhere separation must be maintained from obstacles and terrain within 20nm either side of track and 20nm beyond checkpoints.
For RNAV (GNSS) or GPS approaches, what is the meaning of the temperature limitation?
If the actual temperature is above the chart temperature limit:
o Use managed FINAL APP mode to LNAV/VNAV DA or selected NAV-FPA to LNAV MDA.
o Temperature corrections are not required.
If the actual temperature is below the chart temperature limit:
o The approach may be flown only to the LNAV MDA.
o Temperature corrections are required, table in Part A or QRH.
What are the precautions to avoid mountain waves and the associated turbulence ?
a. No flight through or close to rotor clouds adjacent to mountain ranges.
b. Overfly mountains by at least
- 5,000 ft for mountains up to 5,000 ft
- The height of the mountain for higher mountains
c. When flying in an area in which mountain wave conditions are suspected, always be prepared for turbulence, even in clear air.
d. Increase the safe altitude on routes within 20nm of terrain having a maximum elevation exceeding 2,000ft by at least the following increments to counteract wind effect:
Elevation of Terrain Windspeed in Knots
0-30 31-50 51-70 over 70 2,000-8,000ft 500ft 1,000ft 1,500ft 2,000ft Above 8,000ft 1,000ft 1,500ft 2,000ft 2,500ft
What are the lowest circling minima?
The minimum circle to land altitude and visibility for all Dragonair aircraft types is the highest of:
- 1,000ft AAL with a required visibility of 4,600m
- Chart published minima
How does the Precision Approach Light system helps the crew ?
Precision Approach Lighting Systems provide guidance
From 300m before the runway threshold to 900m into the runway.
What is a Category X airport?
Category X airports are airports which may not be nominated as a destination or alternate on the ATS Flight Plan but are considered suitable for use if a non-scheduled landing is required for operational necessity.
Crew members may operate to Category X airports on the basis of self-briefing from the appropriate charts, specifically noting the terrain hazards.
Example Subic Bay
What are the colors of airport taxiway lights?
- Taxiway Centerline lights:
Runway exits are marked with alternate green and yellow lights Taxiway centerline lights are green when clear of ILS sensitive area - Taxiway Edge lights:
Blue
At the planning stage, what are the weather and fuel requirements when the destination airport is isolated (no alternate within 1 hour 45 minutes flight time of the destination)?
a. Weather forecast from 30 minutes before to 2 hours after ETA:
- Visibility and ceiling shall above Company Minima for Filing as an Alternate
- Crosswind at or below the aircraft or crew operating limit.
b. Fuel, Alternate and Reserve Fuel must be substituted by 2 h holding fuel, at normal cruise consumption overhead destination.
c. CFP, a CP (both one engine inoperative and depressurised) and point of no return (one engine inoperative) will be provided.
NOTE: Use of this policy requires authorisation from the Duty Operations Manager or Line Operations department.
At what maximum distance from landing threshold is the ILS beam protected (LOC/GS)?
Localiser:
- 25NM within 10° of LLZ course
- 17NM within 35° of LLZ course
Glidepath:
- 10NM within 8° of RWY centreline
What does the Alternate fuel account for?
ALTERNATE FUEL accounts for:
i. 1 missed approach from minima at destination
ii. The flight to an alternate airport, plus 5% contingency
iii. 1 approach and landing at the alternate airport
Alternate Fuel is planned using Cost Index 0.
What is the minimum acceptable Rescue and Fire Fighting (RFF) level for the A330 ?
Minimum RFF category for A330
Departure and destination 9 (7)
Takeoff Alternate
Destination Alternate 7
Critical Point Alternate
ETOPS Alternate 4
Figures in brackets may be used in the event of a temporary downgrade not exceeding 72 hours.
At the planning stage, what weather minima applies to En route alternates others than the ones nominated on the CFP for depressurization, Engine Out and ETOPS?
1h before to 1h after the estimated time of arrival at the alternate,
- Weather forecast at or above the published landing minima
- Crosswind at or below the aircraft and crew limits
When the destination weather forecast indicates Low Visibility Operations in use, what additional precautions must be taken ?
A destination alternate which permits Cat 1 operations should be selected to protect against aircraft or airport systems downgrades.
It means NPA airport only not acceptable!
What is the effect on operations of lightning warnings?
AMBER warning: Ramp activities continue as normal
RED warning:
- Transport:
Passenger Terminal Building, transport continues normally
Remote stands, transport is suspended, If already at a remote stand crew remain on board the bus until red warning is cancelled.
- Ramp handling:
Cargo and baggage, loading/unloading is suspended.
Passenger boarding/disembarkation, continues normally at the PTB but is suspended at a remote stand.
Refueling, operations are suspended.
Security staff, operations are suspended.
- Pushback:
Groundcrew disconnect their headsets and the ensuing engine start will be without ground support. Pushback is suspended, however if the pushback has already commenced it continues until completed.
- Parking:
The Preferential Stand Allocation System is suspended and aircraft are assigned in order of priority frontal stand then remote stands. When all stands are full, aircraft will hold on the taxiway.
- Marshalling:
Continues at the PTB but is suspended at remote stands.
As chocks will not be inserted, a crew member must remain on board to monitor the brake pressure until ground crew contact is established.
If APU is inoperative, leave the right-hand engine running.
At a frontal stand, contact Apron Control on 121.775 to advise that the park brake is set, left engine is shutdown and the aircraft is ready for passenger disembarkation.
At the planning stage, what weather minima shall be used for the destination alternate airport?
1h before to 1h after the intended time of arrival at the alternate,
- Forecast visibility and cloud ceiling shall be at or above the Company specified “Minima for Filing as an Alternate”.
- Crosswind shall be forecast to be at or below the aircraft or crew operating limit.
Provided they are at or above the applicable landing minima, the following forecast weather conditions may be ignored:
i. PROB of any value
ii. TEMPO (changes expected to occur for periods less than 60 minutes)
iii. INTER(changes expected to occur for periods less than 30 minutes)
The “Minima for Filing as an Alternate” are calculated by Navigation Services Unit and shown on the CFP; they are the higher of Company calculated or, where published, State operating minima.
At the planning stage, what are the weather minima for a Take off alternate airport?
At the time of intended use,
- Weather conditions at the take-off alternate must be at or above the CAT 1 landing minima or the minima for the approach in use if no ILS available (visibility and ceiling required for a NPA)
- Crosswind at or below the aircraft and crew limits
At the planning stage, what are the weather requirements for CFP nominated En-route and ETOPS alternate airport?
En-Route Alternate airports nominated on the CFP in support of engine inoperative or depressurisation mandatory fuel and ETOPS Alternates, should have the following weather conditions:
From 1h before to 1h after the ETA at the alternate
- Weather conditions shall be at or above the Company specified Minima for Filing as an Alternate.
- Crosswind at or below the aircraft and crew limits
At the planning stage, what additional precautions must be taken if the destination airport weather is below landing minima, or no forecast is available?
2 destination alternate airports shall be selected
Both destination alternate airports shall have the following requirements:
a. The weather shall meet the criteria for filing as a destination alternate.
b. Fuel shall be planned to permit diversion to the most distant of the 2 selected alternates.
c. All destination alternates shall be specified on the ATS flight plan.
At the planning stage, what are the weather minima for the destination airport?
At the time of intended use,
- Weather conditions shall be at or above the published landing minima.
The following criteria apply assessing the weather
a. Following forecast visibilities (Ceiling must be above minima) may be ignored:
i. PROB of any value
ii. TEMPO (changes expected to occur for periods less than 60 minutes)
iii. INTER* (changes expected to occur for periods less than 30 minutes)
* Note: The term INTER is not used by all States.
b. Visibility, when converted to an equivalent RVR, is at or above the minima for landing.
LVO minima may be used if the aircraft is appropriately equipped, the crew qualified, and a LVO approach is available.
c. Cloud ceiling shall be evaluated but it’s not a limiting factor for a precision approach.
For a non precision approach, the cloud ceiling shall be at or above the appropriate MDH.
d. Crosswind shall be evaluated in relation to aircraft and crew limits.
e. Arrival may be planned during periods of forecast Light Freezing Rain (-FZRA) or Light Freezing Drizzle (-FZDZ).
However, if the destination forecast (including PROB, TEMPO or INTER) for the relevant period indicates the presence of Moderate or Heavy Freezing Rain, Drizzle, then the nominated alternate shall not have a forecast (including PROB, TEMPO or INTER) of -FZRA, FZRA, +FZRA, -FZDZ, FZDZ, +FZDZ for the period from one hour before until one hour after the time of intended use.
What is Reserve fuel?
Reserve Fuel is equal to 30 minutes holding at 1,500 ft based on aircraft’s planned landing weight at the alternate.
In the absence of available data the A330 will use 2,600kg.
Reserve Fuel is the company defined minimum fuel with which the aircraft must land.
What is the Depressurization fuel?
Sufficient fuel must be carried at any point on the planned route to permit in case of loss of pressurization, failure of an engine or both:
a. Continued flight to the nearest suitable ERA
b. Hold at 1,500ft over that ERA for 30’
c. Carry out 1 approach and landing.
On any Dragonair route for which the route analysis shows that the above requirement is limiting, a Route Brief will be published to indicate the minimum Diversion Fuel Required along the planned route.
What is Total Fuel?
Total fuel is the sum of:
a. Fuel Required
b. Recommended Extra Fuel
What is the Operational halt procedure?
IOC will initiate the Operational Halt Procedure if :
- The flight is on the ground preparing for takeoff
- The loading variance exceeds the Maximum ZFW, breaks a structural limitation, or any other limit
IOC shall immediately
- Send the following ACARS message to the aircraft:
“DO NOT TAKEOFF – LOADSHEET DATA ERROR”
- Telephone the Departure Station or ATC to stop the takeoff until the data is verified and confirmed by a new Loadsheet.
At what maximum distance the aircraft can fly from an alternate airport on a non ETOPS flight ?
Twin engined aircraft must remain within 60 minutes flying time of an adequate airport unless operating in accordance with Dragonair ETOPS policy. For these purposes, this is defined: A320 424nm A321 404nm A330 434nm
What is the standard weight for checked in baggage?
There is no standard weight, the actual baggage weight is used
What does Taxi Fuel account for?
Taxi Fuel accounts for
a APU usage,
b Engine start,
c Taxi for departure
A standard 500 kg Taxi Fuel figure is normally used for the A330.
At certain airports where taxi time is above average a higher taxi fuel may be planned.
What are the standard weights used for crews on the loadsheet?
Flight Crew and Cabin Crew 81kg (including 6kg Cabin bagage)
What does Recommended Extra Fuel account for?
Recommended Extra Fuel is fuel additional to Fuel Required to cover
- known or suspected weather avoidance requirements,
- en-route air traffic constraints,
- destination holding delays,
- impact from NOTAMs
- any condition that might cause increased fuel consumption
On occasions where STA plus diversion time falls close to opening time of the preferred Destination Alternate, Recommended Extra Fuel may be planned to avoid the use of a more distant alternate.
i. The sum of Contingency, Mandatory and Recommended Extra fuel is not less than 1500 kg on A330
ii. The sum of Alternate, Mandatory and Recommended Extra Fuel is not less than Reserve Fuel, ensuring 1h fuel at destination.
iii. Where there are known ATC restrictions or delays the reason to carry extra fuel will be stated in CFP special navigation notes.
Where a Commander is very familiar with a particular route or flight he may reduce the amount of Recommended Extra Fuel based on his local knowledge and experience.
What is Minimum Diversion Fuel?
Minimum diversion fuel is the sum of Alternate Fuel and Reserve Fuel.
Where an amount of fuel is determined to be unusable, the Minimum Diversion Fuel entered in the FM shall be increased by an amount equal to the amount of unusable fuel.
What are the weather and fuel requirements for Re-clearance Operations In-flight?
The following criteria must be met until the revised destination has been communicated to ATC:
a. Weather shall be at or above
Destination, published landing minima
Alternate, minima for Filing as an Alternate
b. Fuel Required is the sum of
Trip Fuel
Contingency Fuel (5% from overhead or abeam the last ERA)
Diversion Fuel.
What does Mandatory fuel account for?
On certain sectors an amount of additional fuel must be carried to support the following requirement:
a. Sufficient fuel must be available, at all times during the flight, to allow the flight to be continued to the nearest suitable airport, hold for 30 minutes at 1,500ft and carry out an approach and landing.
b. Loss of pressurisation and the failure of one engine must be considered. Depressurisation with all engines operating is normally the most fuel critical scenario.
What does Contingency fuel account for?
Contingency Fuel allows for errors in forecast winds or temperatures, restrictions on altitude, minor route changes and extended taxi times.
On most flights Contingency Fuel is planned as 5% of the Trip Fuel from departure to destination,
with a minimum of 300 kg for the A330.
The minimum Contingency fuel is 5% of the Trip Fuel from overhead or abeam the last suitable en-route airport (ERA) to destination.
What documents must be carried on board for each flight ?
Documents which must be carried to meet the requirements of the AN(HK)O:
a. Radio Station Licence.
b. Certificate of Airworthiness.
c. Certificate of Maintenance Review.
d. Certificate of Registration.
e. Maintenance Log.
f. Copy of the Load Sheet.
g. Flight Crew Licences (by individual Crew members).
h. Operations Manual
What is the Centralized Load Control time frame ?
ETD - 6 hours Estimated ZFW issued to Flight Dispatch for production of CFP
ETD - 60 mins Traffic staff verbally inform the Flight Crew of the latest ZFW
ETD - 30 mins Final ZFW sent via ACARS to the aircraft printer by CLC
ETD - 25 mins Final Fuel Figures sent to CLC via ACARS by the Flight Crew
ETD - 15 mins Loadsheet sent via ACARS to aircraft printer by CLC
ETD Aircraft off-blocks (with Loadsheet acknowledged / signed
What is the maximum fuel temperature for JET A and JET A1 fuel?
55 degrees
With what kind of ice contamination is it acceptable to take off without de-icing the aircraft?
Take-off is permissible with:
- light coatings of frost (white color) up to 1/8in (3mm) in thickness on lower wing surfaces due to cold fuel.
- Thin hoar frost on the upper surface of the fuselage provided all vents and ports are clear. (white deposit of fine crystalline texture)
CAUTION: Lower wing surface ice ridges of any size are not acceptable, all leading edge devices, all control surfaces, and upper wing surfaces must be free of ice and snow
During cockpit preparation what shall be done if the aircraft carries unusable fuel due to technical problem?
After refuelling, Flight Crew shall:
- Note usable fuel quantity in each tank and send it through the ACARS Fuel Distribution page.
- Send the location and quantity of unusable fuel to OPS (Attention CLC) via ACARS free text, or via the Traffic Officer.
If the ACARS is unavailable, a “Non-Standard Fuel Order Confirmation Sheet” form located in the Flight Deck Documents wallet must be completed and passed to the Traffic Officer for transmission to CLC.
During the cockpit preparation what shall you do if you have a non standard fuel distribution after refueling?
When non-standard fuel distribution occurs, the Flight Crew shall complete and send the details using the ACARS Fuel Distribution page.
If the ACARS is unavailable, a “Non-Standard Fuel Order Confirmation Sheet” in the Flight Deck Documents wallet shall be completed and passed to the Traffic Officer at the departure airport for transmission to CLC.
How should Livestock be carried?
On A320/A321 aircraft, Livestock other than cold-blooded animals (AVC) and live fish (AVP/PES), shall not be carried as cargo.
On A330 The bulk cargo hold (Hold 5) is designed for transport of livestock as it is equipped with a ventilation system.
Live animals should be placed in suitable cages or pet kennels.
The animal containers and crates should be tied down in order to be secured against any movement at take-off, landing and during flight.
What is the hot cabin procedure?
Passenger boarding should not commence until a cabin temperature of 28°C or below is achieved. HAECO is responsible for the implementation of the Hot Cabin procedure.
What thrust setting is used to compute the Top of Climb waypoint on the CFP?
Derate 1 thrust increasing to climb thrust when predicted rate of climb reduces to 500 ft/mn.
On the CFP what is the maximum correction of Trip Fuel that you can accept before you have to amend the Trip Fuel ?
When the correction to the TRIP FUEL exceeds 300 kg the Trip Fuel should be amended.
2 different Holdover Time values are given in the tables, what do they correspond to?
The lower HOT value in a cell which contains a range of times presents information for moderate precipitation conditions.
The higher HOT value is representative of fluid performance for light precipitation conditions.
What is the definition of an isolated airport?
An isolated destination airport is defined as a destination airport where an alternate airport is not available within 1 hour 45 minutes flight time from the destination.
What is the door opening policy ?
Aircraft doors shall only be opened by persons who are trained and competent to do so.
In NORMAL circumstances aircraft doors shall be opened from the outside of the aircraft.
Doors are allowed to be opened from inside the aircraft under ABNORMAL or EMERGENCY conditions.
In what case shoud you raise an ASR after a flight in RVSM airspace?
Flight deviates by 300 ft or more from a cleared flight level
Wake Turbulence encountered
ASR report is to be completed and submitted to the Dragonair Corporate Safety & Quality Department. Line Ops should also be notified via CAR.
What type of Deicing fluid is approved by Dragonair?
Type I,II and IV.
Type III fluids are not approved for use on Dragonair aircraft.
Following a diversion if ground staff are not available to prepare a loadsheet what can the crew do?
Contact CLC and fill in a “No Change to Traffic Load” form stored in the Spare Documents Wallet.
The form will only be required if a new ACARS/Computer Loadsheet cannot be obtained. This can occur during a major disruption (e.g. severe weather affecting Hong Kong) when multiple aircraft are diverting and Load Control is unable to support the diverted flights. Flight Crew shall be familiar with the completion of the form.
Although the No Change Loadsheet is normally completed by the Flight Crew, Dragonair approved Loadsheet Officers can complete the form if requested to do so by the Commander/PIC.
What documents must be left on ground for each departure?
The following documents are to be left to the handling agent, station representative or qualified engineer:
a. Load Sheet signed by the Commander.
b. Trim Sheet, if not using computer Loadsheet.
c. Dangerous Goods documentation including a copy of the NOTOC.
d. Station Copy page of the Maintenance Log signed by the Commander.
What colors are the De/anti-icing fluids ?
Type I : Orange
Type II : Colourless, or pale straw
Type III : Light yellow
Type IV : Emerald green
What is the door closing policy?
Aircraft doors may be closed only by suitably trained personnel.
When an aircraft is departing for a flight, the doors shall be closed from inside the aircraft by the cabin crew. Airport staff may assist cabin crew to close aircraft doors by pushing on the physical structure of the door but under no circumstances should they interfere or participate in the locking process.
Once closed, doors shall not be re-opened without the Captain’s approval.
if you detect an error in the Navigation Data Base what should you do ?
All errors and omissions in the Navigation Data Base must be reported to Operations by entering the details on the CAR for the attention of Line Operations
What color of fuel is acceptable for uplift ?
Fuel shall be bright, clear and coloured within the range “White Water to Light Amber or Straw colour”.
Fuels which are coloured Blue, Red or Green are not to be uplifted.
What are the restrictions to uplift defueled fuel?
Defuelled fuel may be uplifted if:
- It was defuelled from a CX / AHK / KA aircraft.
- It has not been held in a tanker for longer than 24 hours.
- A normal water contamination check is made.
- Wide-cut fuel contains an anti-static additive.
Once fuel is returned to the fuel farm it is considered contaminated and must not be reloaded.
If the precipitations are intermittent do you have to apply the holdover time?
Yes, after the anti-icing HOT clock has been started, it must not be stopped. HOT credit cannot be given due to the fact that the precipitation has temporarily stopped falling.
As precipitation falls on an aircraft that has been anti-iced, the fluid is being diluted. the more diluted the fluid becomes, the more readily it flows off the aircraft, and the higher the freezing point becomes. Even if the precipitation stops falling, the diluted fluid will continue to flow off the aircraft due to gravity. There is no practical way to determine how much residual anti-icing fluid is on the wing under these circumstances.
When and how do you use the corrections to trip fuel (CORR LNDG and CORR RAMP) on the CFP?
These figures are provided to allow the TRIP FUEL to be adjusted for changes in Take-off weight, whatever the reason for that change.
The CORR LNDG figure should be used when the TOTAL FUEL figure is adjusted as it contains a fuel allowance required to carry that extra fuel.
The CORR RAMP figure should be used if the total fuel remains the same and the crew decides to use fuel that is already on board, as REC EXTRA or CONT FUEL.
What’s the freezing point of a de/anti-icing fluid?
The freezing point of a fluid is function of the glycol concentration, it is assessed in the field; A temperature buffer is then applied to cater for absorption of precipitation, for errors in application, and for the influence of variations in the weather conditions.
Lowest Operational Use Temperature for a given fluid is the higher of:
i. The lowest temperature at which the fluid meets the aerodynamic acceptance test for a given aircraft type, or
ii. The freezing point of the fluid plus its freezing point buffer (10°C for a Type I fluid, and 7°C for a Type II, III, or IV fluid).
what is the highest CI that can be used ?
Due to the significant fuel penalty associated with high speed cruise flight, the use of a CI greater than CI-150 should only be used to guarantee an arrival before a published Airport Curfew, or when Crew duty hours are critical.
What actions must be taken if a spillage of fuel occurs during refuel?
If a spillage of fuel is detected, the Commander must take the following actions:
- Inform the refueller and stop refuelling
- Inform the Ground Engineer, airport authorities and fire services
- If passenger boarding has commenced, decide whether if it is necessary to offload passengers already on the aircraft.
- If passenger boarding is allowed to continue, boarding passengers must be kept as far as possible from the fuel spillage.
On what part of the aircraft should the de/anti-icing procedure start?
The aircraft wings must be sprayed first, therefore the wings become the most critical surface and if they are clean when a Pre Take off Inspection is required, it can be assumed that the rest of the aircraft is clean.
De/anti-icing fluids are applied close to the skin of the aircraft to minimise heat loss.
when the Holdover time is expired can you do another anti ice application on the aircraft?
NO, if an aircraft has to be re-protected prior to flight then external surfaces must be de-iced first with hot mixed fluid before a further application of anti-ice fluid is made.
Do you have to ask the engineer to fill in the Tech log after the de/anti-icing procedure?
When aircraft have been de/anti-iced, Engineering should complete the relevant de/anti-icing field in the Aircraft Maintenance Logbook.
However, along with refueling and oil quantity columns, this is not part of the Airworthiness Certificate of Release.
As such, the Aircraft Commander is approved to complete the de/anti-icing field in the absence of a qualified engineer on the flight deck, saving the need to re-open aircraft doors after the de/anti-icing procedure.
In case of delays due to technical reasons should you start boarding?
Board passengers if the technical delay is estimated by Maintenance Control or the licenced engineer in charge of the rectification to be less than 30 minutes.
If the rectification is likely to take more than 30 minutes, then the passengers should be boarded when it is estimated to be within 30 minutes of completion.
The exceptions to this will be if an engine run is required at higher than idle power, or if the Flight Deck crew have been denied access to the cockpit for pre-flight preparation.
What are the restrictions for carrying out an engine ground run with passengers on board?
If the ground engineer carries out the engine run, the Captain must be in a control seat.
The Captain remains fully responsible for the safety of the passengers on board and for ordering an emergency evacuation if required. He must monitor the run until completion and all other duties such as flight deck preparation should be deferred.
Can you Take off or Land when a Microburst alert is issued?
Dragonair aircraft receiving a Microburst alert are to delay take off or “go around” as appropriate
Which visual inspection should be done before take off if the aircraft has been anti-iced ?
- No inspection required until the lower (more limiting) time in the HOT cell has been exceeded.
- Pre-take-off Contamination Inspection shall be completed if the elapsed time is within the range of time given in the HOT cell for the conditions present.
- Should the higher (less limiting) time in the HOT cell be exceeded, the only option available to allow take-off is a Pre Take-off Contamination Check which must be conducted externally by Ground Crew.
If it is not possible to conduct this check, or it is not possible to take-off within 5 minutes of conducting the check, the aircraft must return for de/anti-icing.
If ATC has reported that the aircraft position was inaccurate what should the cew do after landing?
Whenever ATC notifies that the aircraft position is in error, the Captain shall report the notification with all relevant details by Air Safety Report (ASR).
What are the restrictions on flights in Schedule 8 navigation area?
It is prohibited to operate a flight of over 500nm through any part of a Schedule 8 Navigation Area unless article 18(4) of the AN(HK)O is complied with, procedure FCOM/PRO-SPO-52 :
Applicable route: HKG – XIY – HKG The following equipment shall be serviceable: 2 FMS. 2 GPS or 2 MMR (as installed). 2 DME. 2 VOR. 1 ADF (Two ADF for any route with NDB only segments). 1 Weather radar
If the navigation equipment specified above becomes unserviceable to the extent that it affects navigation accuracy, the Commander is to adopt a course of action that will ensure the aircraft is navigated to an area where normal navigation can be resumed as expeditiously as possible.
In practice this may include continuing on the flight planned route provided ATC can confirm appropriate navigation by radar.
Can you fly VFR or in Uncontrolled airspace?
No,
All commercial flights are to be conducted under an IFR Flight Plan.
Flights into and out of uncontrolled airspace and airports are generally prohibited. However, such flights may be conducted in order to complete a charter flight.
It should only be done after an appraisal showing that the flight can be safely operated and approval of the General Manager Operations
Can you select a takeoff alternate airport that only has a GPS approach?
No, where a takeoff alternate is required at least one non-GPS approach must be available.
What are the fuel requirements in flight?
Continuous assessment of fuel on board ensures that there is sufficient fuel available to:
a. Proceed from present position to destination.
b. Make an approach to land.
c. Divert to an alternate airport, with 5% Contingency Fuel.
d. Hold for 30 minutes at 1,500ft and carry out an approach and landing.
You are doing an ILS approach below 1000 ft the RVR reduces below the minimus what’s your decision?
Continue the approach and land if visual
Can you operate with an inoperative TCAS?
Operating with an inoperative TCAS is permitted (including RVSM Airspace) provided it is completed in accordance with the applicable MEL.
The TCAS must be serviceable ex-HKG; At Outports it may be inoperative subject to Time and Sector constraints detailed in the MEL.
TCAS is required to operate in Chinese RVSM airspace
What are the criteria for In Flight reduction of normal fuel?
a. En-route and Prior To Descent For Destination Airport
i. The airport has two independent runways suitable for landing i.e. not crossing or reciprocal.
ii. The actual and forecast weather for the ETA at the destination airport indicate weather conditions at or above the Non-Precision Alternate Planning minima and the crosswind is within aircraft limits.
iii. There are no known or probable ATC delays.
iv. Fuel remaining is sufficient to continue to destination, plus 5% contingency fuel from overhead or abeam the last suitable en-route airport, plus 30 minutes holding at 1,500ft and carry out an approach and landing.
b. After Commencing Descent
If a delay or unforeseen situation develops which would result in the aircraft landing with less than Minimum Diversion Fuel, the flight may continue to the destination airport provided that the fuel remaining on landing will be at least equal to Reserve Fuel.
The Commander must consider all relevant factors with particular reference to the reason for the delay, weather deterioration, and runway availability at the destination and alternate before electing to continue rather than diverting to the alternate.
What are the standard aircraft separation used in HKG for arrivals?
Hong Kong ATC normally provide separation of
4NM for a “HEAVY” aircraft following another “HEAVY” aircraft
5NM for a “MEDIUM” aircraft following a “HEAVY” aircraft.
Following an A380, separation increases to 6NM / 7NM respectively.
What calls shoud be made to ATC to advise of a minimum fuel condition?
- “MINIMUM FUEL” when having committed to land at a specific aerodrome, the Commander/PIC calculates that any change to the existing clearance to that aerodrome may result in landing with less than planned final Reserve Fuel.
- “MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL”, when the calculated usable fuel predicted to be available upon landing at the nearest aerodrome where a safe landing can be made is less than the planned final Reserve Fuel
What is the sterile flight deck procedure?
The procedure commences from engine start to Cruise Altitude (or approximately 30min after take off), and from the “30min to landing” call until the aircraft is parked.
The Flight Crew shall only be disturbed for urgent operational issues and access to the Flight Deck is not permitted unless initiated by the Flight Crew.
How can you contact the Duty Operations Manager (DOM)?
The Duty Operations Manager (DOM) is available at any time for advice on operational and technical matters. All communications between the Commander and the DOM will be coordinated through IOC.
Can a pilot assess RVR for take off?
When RVR is not reported, the Commander may assess the RVR by noting the number of runway lights visible from the aircraft (ICAO standard spacing for runway edge lighting is 60m).
If multiple RVR are reported for take off which one are mandatory?
The Commander may not commence a take-off when the RVR, or cloud ceiling where required, is below the minima specified for take-off.
If multiple RVRs are reported, all reported RVRs must be at or above the minima.
what minimum visual reference are needed at the MDA for a non precision approach?
With lighting, at least seven consecutive lights which may be approach lights, runway lights, or a combination of both.
Without lighting, Runway threshold and touchdown zone
If you want to use LVO take off minima shown in parentheses on the port page, what do you have to check?
If lower state or Dragonair LVO take-off minima have been approved, these figures will be shown in parentheses. If take-off is predicated on these lower minima, all RVR readings (touchdown, mid point and stop end) must be available and at or above this minima.
What is the minimum altitude to initiate a turn after take off ?
Unless stated on the Port Page, the minimum altitude for initating a turn after take-off is 400ft AAL
What criteria must be checked before accepting a change of destination in flight ?
The following criteria must be met until the planning exercise is complete and the revised destination has been communicated to ATC.
- The destination airport weather meets the criteria specified in flight planning minima to be used for a Destination Airport.
- An alternate airport must be available where the weather at that airport meets the criteria specified in flight planning minima to be used for an Alternate Airport.
- Fuel is sufficient to continue to destination, plus 5% contingency fuel from a point overhead or abeam the last suitable en-route airport, plus Minimum Diversion Fuel.
What are the weather conditions required to proceed for a visual approach?
The PF may commence a visual approach provided the following conditions can be maintained throughout the approach:
a. Visual contact with the landing runway environment (runway threshold, approach lighting, or other markings identifiable with the runway)
b. A visibility along the intended flight path not less than 5km.
NOTE: When a thin layer of ground fog or mist is present at an airport in otherwise good visibility conditions, the minimum RVR for a visual approach must be 800 metres, or the visibility required for a non precision approach to the runway of intended use, whichever is greater, regardless of the approach lighting or the time of day.
What’s the rule for outbound timing in a hold?
At or below 14,000ft AMSL - 1 minute
Above 14,000ft AMSL - 1½ minutes
You are doing an ILS approach passing 4000 ft the RVR reduces below the minimus what’s your decision ?
Continue to 1000 ft and go around at 1000 ft if RVR has not increased above minimas
For a CAT 1 approach what is the minimum value of Midpoint RVR ?
In the context of CAT 1 approaches, the Midpoint RVR is generally not reported.
When the Midpoint RVR is reported by ATC the minimum Midpoint RVR value is 200 metres (150 metres for autoland)
What minimum visual reference are needed at the DA for a precision approach?
Lighting available, sufficient lights of the approach and/or runway lighting system and 1 row of crossbar lights (or barrettes) visible to ensure that the desired flight path can be maintained using visual reference only.
No lighting, Runway threshold and touchdown zone must be visible.
What minimum visual reference are needed at the MDA for a Circle to Land approach?
Continuous sight of ground features to ensure that aircraft position is maintained within the visual manoeuvring (circling) area and that the aircraft can be positioned on the approach for the runway in use.
In order to assess the weather for a flight what is the definition of dispatch ?
Dispatch is defined as the time parking brake is released prior to commencing pushback or taxi.
What is the Policy for headset use?
Headsets must be used by the operating crew during periods of high cockpit workload and at all times below 15,000ft or, where higher, the transition level.
