Part 9: Evolution

Question 0

Natural selection

Answer 0

Operates in an individual level, driving force of evolution

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Change in a population over time

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

Dele oped theory of evolution in 1800s

Question 3

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Answer 3

Proposed theory that acquired traits were passed down to future generations, later proven wrong

Question 4

Paleontology

Answer 4

Study of fossils

Question 5

Biogeography

Answer 5

Study of distribution of flora and fauna in the environment

Question 6

Flora

Answer 6

Plants

Question 7

Fauna

Answer 7

Animals

Question 8

Embryology

Answer 8

Study of the development of an organism

Question 9

Comparative anatomy

Answer 9

Study of anatomies of various animals and how they are similar and different

Question 10

Homologous structures

Answer 10

Structures on different species that have similar functions and structures, point to a common ancestor

Question 11

Analogous structures

Answer 11

Structures that have the same function, but not structure, and are said to have evolved separately from each other

Question 12

Molecular biology

Answer 12

Proves evolution because of similarities in DNA across species

Question 13

Genetic variability

Answer 13

No two individuals have identical sets of alleles, except identical twins

Question 14

Random mutation

Answer 14

Brought about genetic variation

Question 15

Directional selections

Answer 15

One of the phenotypes was favored at one of the extremes of the normal,distribution

Question 16

Stabilizing selection

Answer 16

Organisms with extreme traits are eliminated from a population

Question 17

Disruptive selection

Answer 17

Extreme traits are favored, and common traits are elected against

Question 18

Species

Answer 18

Final distinction in binomial nomenclature naming system, separated by ability to reproduce (ie, if two organisms count or won’t reproduce, they are different species)

Question 19

Speciation

Answer 19

Emergence of a new species

Question 20

Divergent evolution

Answer 20

Occurs in closely related species with different behaviors and/or traits, when individuals of a species mutate enough to no longer be called the same species

Question 21

Convergent evolution

Answer 21

When two unrelated and dissimilar species come to have similar traits, often because they have been exposed to similar selective pressures

Question 22

Allopathic speciation

Answer 22

A population becomes separated from the rest of the species so they can’t interbreed

Question 23

Sympathetic speciation

Answer 23

When new species develop, but not as a result of geographical barriers

Question 24

Hardy-Weinberg Law

Answer 24

Even with all the shuffling of genes that occurs, the relative frequencies of of genotypes in a population will prevail over time; can only be true if population is large, no mutations occur, there is no immigration of emigration, there is random mating, and there is no natural selection

Question 25

Hardy-Weinberg Equations

Answer 25

Phenotypes: p+q=1 Genotypes: p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 26

Genetic drift

Answer 26

Changes in the allele frequencies of a population