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AP Bio > Part 9: Evolution > Flashcards

Part 9: Evolution Flashcards

0
Q

Natural selection

A

Operates in an individual level, driving force of evolution

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1
Q

Evolution

A

Change in a population over time

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2
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Dele oped theory of evolution in 1800s

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3
Q

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

A

Proposed theory that acquired traits were passed down to future generations, later proven wrong

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4
Q

Paleontology

A

Study of fossils

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5
Q

Biogeography

A

Study of distribution of flora and fauna in the environment

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6
Q

Flora

A

Plants

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7
Q

Fauna

A

Animals

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8
Q

Embryology

A

Study of the development of an organism

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9
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

Study of anatomies of various animals and how they are similar and different

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10
Q

Homologous structures

A

Structures on different species that have similar functions and structures, point to a common ancestor

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11
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structures that have the same function, but not structure, and are said to have evolved separately from each other

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12
Q

Molecular biology

A

Proves evolution because of similarities in DNA across species

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13
Q

Genetic variability

A

No two individuals have identical sets of alleles, except identical twins

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14
Q

Random mutation

A

Brought about genetic variation

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15
Q

Directional selections

A

One of the phenotypes was favored at one of the extremes of the normal,distribution

16
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Organisms with extreme traits are eliminated from a population

17
Q

Disruptive selection

A

Extreme traits are favored, and common traits are elected against

18
Q

Species

A

Final distinction in binomial nomenclature naming system, separated by ability to reproduce (ie, if two organisms count or won’t reproduce, they are different species)

19
Q

Speciation

A

Emergence of a new species

20
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Occurs in closely related species with different behaviors and/or traits, when individuals of a species mutate enough to no longer be called the same species

21
Q

Convergent evolution

A

When two unrelated and dissimilar species come to have similar traits, often because they have been exposed to similar selective pressures

22
Q

Allopathic speciation

A

A population becomes separated from the rest of the species so they can’t interbreed

23
Q

Sympathetic speciation

A

When new species develop, but not as a result of geographical barriers

24
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Law

A

Even with all the shuffling of genes that occurs, the relative frequencies of of genotypes in a population will prevail over time; can only be true if population is large, no mutations occur, there is no immigration of emigration, there is random mating, and there is no natural selection

25
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Equations

A

Phenotypes: p+q=1
Genotypes: p^2+2pq+q^2=1

26
Q

Genetic drift

A

Changes in the allele frequencies of a population

AP Bio (10 decks)

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