Part 6: Cell Reproduction

Question 0

Cell division

Answer 0

One cell divides into multiple cells via mitosis or meiosis at the end of the cell cycle

Question 1

Epidermal cells

Answer 1

Skin cells

Question 2

Cell cycle

Answer 2

Life cycle of the cell, the period from one division to the next

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

The period where the cell is growing, carrying out cell functions, and preparing for division

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

One kind of cell division in which the two daughter cells are exact copies of the mother cell
Growth, repair, asexual reproduction

Question 5

G1

Answer 5

The first growth phase of the cell, right after the cell division that created the cell

Question 6

S

Answer 6

The phase where DNA is copied

Question 7

G2

Answer 7

The final growth phase of the cell, where the cell prepares for division

Question 8

Sister chromatids

Answer 8

Exact copies of the same chromatid, make up a chromosome, will be split in cell division

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

Structure that holds the chromatids together

Question 10

Prophase

Answer 10

Stage one; Nucleolus disappears, DNA condenses, chromosomes formed, centrioles begin moving to opposite poles of the cell

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

Loose DNA, before its wound into chromosomes

Question 12

Spindle fibers

Answer 12

Pull apart the sister chromatids during anaphase, come from the centrioles

Question 13

Kinetochore

Answer 13

Part of the centromere where the spindle fibers attach to pull apart chromatids

Question 14

Metaphase

Answer 14

Stage 2, chromosomes line up in middle of cell

Question 15

Metaphase plate

Answer 15

Middle of the cell where chromosomes line up during metaphase

Question 16

Anaphase

Answer 16

Stage 3, chromatids pulled apart

Question 17

Telophase

Answer 17

Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, nucleoli reappear

Question 18

Cytokinesis

Answer 18

Cell splits

Question 19

Cleavage furrow

Answer 19

Membrane pinches in around each nucleus right before cell splits in animals

Question 20

Cell plate

Answer 20

Bits of cell wall that begin to form as cell is splitting in plants

Question 21

Diploid

Answer 21

Cell that has two sets of chromosomes, 2n

Question 22

Haploid

Answer 22

Cell that has one set of chromosomes, n

Question 23

Homologues

Answer 23

Pairs of chromosomes

Question 24

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 24

Make up homologues, separate chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and traits expressed

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

Production of gametes (haploid cells for reproduction)

Question 26

Gonads

Answer 26

Organs where meiosis occurs, testes/ovaries

Question 27

Germ cells

Answer 27

Cells that produce gametes

Question 28

Meiosis I

Answer 28

First round of division

Question 29

Meiosis II

Answer 29

Second round of division

Question 30

Synopsis

Answer 30

Chromosomes line up with counterparts (homologues) in prophase 1

Question 31

Tetras/bivalent

Answer 31

4 chromatids that come together during synapses

Question 32

Crossing over

Answer 32

Exchanging of segments of chromosomes during prophase 1

Question 33

Alleles

Answer 33

Different forms of the same gene

Question 34

Chiasmata

Answer 34

Special regions where homologous chromosomes are held together at the end of prophase 1

Question 35

Independent assortment

Answer 35

random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase

Question 36

Game toenails

Answer 36

Formation of gametes, meiosis Spermatogenesis in males Oogenesis in females

Question 37

Polar bodies

Answer 37

Three of the four haploid cells produced in female meiosis

Question 38

Ovum

Answer 38

One of the four haploid cells produced during female meiosis, only one that can be fertilized

Question 39

Non-disjunction

Answer 39

Chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis, results in extra or missing chromosomes and severe genetic defects

Question 40

Translocation

Answer 40

Chromosome breaks and fragment attaches to a non-homologous chromosome

Question 41

Operon

Answer 41

Region of bacterial DNA that controls gene expression

Question 42

Structural genes

Answer 42

Code for enzymes needed in a chemical reaction

Question 43

Promoter

Answer 43

Where the RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription of a gene

Question 44

Operator

Answer 44

Region that controls whether transcription will occur

Question 45

Regulatory gene

Answer 45

Codes for the repressor, which can block transcription by binding to the operator

Question 46

Inducer

Answer 46

In some operons, binds to regulator to disable it and activate transcription

Question 47

Corepressor

Answer 47

In some operons, binds to Repressor to activate it and stop transcription