Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Bio > Part 10: Behavior and Ecology > Flashcards

Part 10: Behavior and Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Instinct

A

Inborn, unlearned behavior; sometimes triggered by releasers (environmental signals); the inherited “circuitry” that directs and guides behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

Particular type of innate behavior that is not reflex but is not conscious decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Learning

A

Change in behavior brought about by an experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Imprinting

A

Form of learning that occurs during a critical period, usually early in he organism’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Critical period

A

Short time frame when imprinting occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classical conditioning

A

An organism comes to associate one thing with another, even if the events are independent, because of a common factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Associative learning

A

The kind of learning that takes place in classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Trial and error learning, animal’s behavior determines whether it obtain a reward or punishment, animals learn to behave a certain way for he reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Habituation

A

Animal learns not to respond to a stimulus when stimulus is repeated over and over with no consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Insight

A

Reasoning, ability to figure out behavior that generates a desired outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Internal sense of time that determines when an organism will do certain things like eat and sleep, daily cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pheromones

A

Chemical signals between members of a species that stimulate olfactory receptors and ultimately affect behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Agonistic behavior

A

Aggressive behavior that occurs as a result of competition for a resource

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dominance hierarchies

A

Pecking orders, occur when members in a group have established which members are the most dominant, reduced competition when hierarchy is determined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Territoriality

A

Common behavior when food and nesting sites are in short supply, usually makes will establish and defend personal territories to protect resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish behavior that benefits another organism in he group at the individual’s expense because it advances the genes of the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Photoperiodism

A

Plants flowering in response to changes in the amount of daylight or darkness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tropism

A

Turning in response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phototropism

A

Plants bend toward sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gravitropism

A

Stems grow against gravity, roots grow with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Biosphere

A

The entire part of the world where living things exist (I.e. Not the center)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ecosystem

A

Interaction of living and no living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Community

A

Organisms of different species that live in the same area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals from a species that live in the same area and interbreed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Biomes
Large subdivisions of the biosphere, massive areas that are classified based on climate and plant life
26
Tundra
Northernmost regions Grasses and wild flowers Permafrost, short growing season Deer, lemmings, foxes, owls
27
Taiga
Northern forests Conifers Cold, long winters Caribou, wolves, moose, bear, rabbits, lynx
28
Temperate deciduous forests
NE and mid-E US, W Europe Deciduous trees Moderate precip., warm summers, cold winters Deer, wolves, bear, small mammals, birds
29
Grasslands
Mid-W US, Eurasia, Af., S Am. Grasses Hot summers, cold winters, unpredictable rainfall Prairie dogs, bison, foxes, ferrets, grouse, snakes, lizards
30
Deserts
W US Cacti, drought-resistant plants Arid, low rainfall, extreme diurnal temp. Shifts Jackrabbits, owls, kangaroo rats, lizards, snakes, tortoises
31
Topical rain forests
S Am. High biomass, diverse plants High rainfall and temps., impoverished soil Sloths, snakes, monkeys, birds, leopards, insects
32
Carbon cycle
Carbon is recycled throughout ecosystems, many other cycles like it
33
Producers
Photosynthetic, make their own energy
34
Decomposers
Break down organic matter into simple products, usually fungi and bacteria
35
Niche
An organism's particular position or function in a community
36
Food chain
Describes the way different organisms depend in each other for food
37
Primary consumers
Organisms that directly feed on producers, herbivores
38
Secondary consumers
Feed on primary consumers
39
Tertiary consumers
Top of the food chain
40
10% rule
Only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, the other 90% is used by the original organism
41
Ecological pyramid
Represents the energy flow, biomass, and numbers of members within an ecosystem
42
Behavior
How organisms cope with their environments
43
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit from the other's presence
44
Commensalism
Host organism is not affected, hosted organism benefits
45
Parasitism
Organism harms host
46
Carrying capacity
Max number of individuals of a species that a habitat can support
47
Population density
How many organisms of a species exist divided by the area they cover
48
Density-independent factors
Factors that affect population regardless of the density of population
49
Density dependent factors
Factors that affect the population as a result of its density
50
Exponential growth
Occurs when a population is in an ideal environment, growth unrestricted, plenty of resources, no disease or predation
51
Logistic growth
Population becomes restricted in size because of limited resources
52
R-strategists
Make lots of potential offspring so that there is an excess population and the species has a greater chance of survival, even if any given individual doesn't
53
K-strategists
Make few offspring, but each has a good chance of survival
54
Ecological succession
The predictable procession of plant communities over a relatively short period of time, decades or centuries
55
Primary succession
The process of ecological succession where no previous organisms have existed
56
Pioneer organisms
Organisms that are capable of living where no other organisms live, and make life possible for other organisms
57
Sere
The entire sequence of a type of plant arriving in an area to when it is replaced by other, larger kinds of plants
58
Climax community
Final sere community
59
Secondary succession
When a new community develops where one has been but was destroyed
60
Greenhouse effect
Increasing of atmospheric concentrations of CO2 warm the earth, global warming
61
Ozone depletion
Chlorofluorocarbon pollution results in pollution and destroys ozone layer, which protects from UV
62
Acid rain
Pollution collects in the atmosphere and then returns to the earth as acid in rain, which lowers the pH of aquatic ecosystems and prevents organisms that create nutrients for plants from making the nutrients
63
Desertification
Overgrazing leads to ecosystem becoming like a desert and reduces available habitats
64
Deforestation
Forest clearing leads to habitat loss and changes weather and flood patterns
65
Pollution
Toxic chemicals in the environment, cause defects and health problems
66
Biomagnifiaction
Any toxins in the lower trophic levels increase in concentration and result in greater problems in the higher ones
67
Reduction in biodiversity
Extinction of potentially useful plants and animals

AP Bio (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions