Part 7: Heredity

Question 0

Trait

Answer 0

Expressed characteristic

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

19th century monk, father of genetics

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Heredity factors that produce a polypeptide, or part of one

Segments of a chromosome

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

Position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

Alternate forms of the same gene

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

Allele is expressed whether the organism is homozygous for that allele, or heterozygous

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

Allele is expressed only if organism is homozygous for that allele

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

Organism has two of the same alleles for a given trait

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Organism has two different alleles for a given trait

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Physical characteristics of the organism

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Genetic makeup of an organism, which alleles the organism possesses

Question 11

P1 generation

Answer 11

Parent generation, 1st generation in the cross

Question 12

F1 generation

Answer 12

First filial generation, offspring of the parent generation

Question 13

F2 generation

Answer 13

Second filial generation, offspring of the F1 generation

Question 14

Law of dominance

Answer 14

One trait will usually mask the effects of the other trait

Question 15

Monohybrid cross

Answer 15

Cross where only one trait is being studied

Question 16

Punnett square

Answer 16

Tool used to predict the results of a Monohybrid cross

Question 17

Law of segregation

Answer 17

Alleles (on separate chromosomes) separate and recombine during fertilization, increasing genetic diversity of offspring

Question 18

Law of Independent assortment

Answer 18

Chromosomes line up randomly during meiosis, when cells split alleles are randomly mixed between daughter cells, increasing genetic diversity

Question 19

Dihybrid cross

Answer 19

Cross between organisms differing in two characteristics

Question 20

Test cross

Answer 20

Cross the plant in question with a homozygous recessive plant to determine what genotype the plant in question has. If organism is homozygous dominant, all offspring will have the dominant trait and be heterozygous. If the organism is heterozygous, half of the offspring will display the dominant trait, and half will be homozygous recessive

Question 21

Incomplete dominance

Answer 21

Traits blend- heterozygote has different phenotype than homozygous dominant organism

Question 22

Codominance

Answer 22

Equal expression of both alleles

Question 23

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 23

Trait results from interaction of many genes, some genes affect expression of other genes

Question 24

Multiple alleles

Answer 24

Traits are the product of many alleles that occupy a specific gene locus

Question 25

Linked genes

Answer 25

Genes that are close together on the same chromosome, and generally stay together during crossing over and independent assortment

Question 26

Autosomes

Answer 26

44/46 of chromosomes in humans, code for many different traits

Question 27

Sex chromosomes

Answer 27

2/46 chromosomes in humans, code for sex of organism and other traits that are sex-linked like hemophilia and color blindness

Question 28

Sex-linked traits

Answer 28

Traits carried on X or Y chromosomes (usually X), primarily affect males, greater likelihood for 1 defective X chromosome that two

Question 29

Carrier

Answer 29

Person that has one allele for a disease, but doesn’t show symptoms of disease, can pass it on to children

Question 30

Barr body

Answer 30

Deactivated X chromosome in females (in every cell, not always the same one, chosen randomly)