Part 4: Photosynthesis Flashcards

0
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Produces the cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy covering on a leaf; protects from water loss due to evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Palisade parenchyma

A

Primary sites of photosynthesis (cells have many chloroplasts), below upper epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid-filled region of the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Grana

A

Stacks of thylakoids, inside stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thylakoids

A

Disk-like structures, contain chlorophyll and enzymes involved in photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spongy parenchyma

A

Irregular-shaped cells, allow for diffusion of gasses, especially CO2, w/in plant, below palisade parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vascular bundles

A

Vein, contain xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Xylem

A

Transport water up the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phloem

A

Transport food and nutrients up or down the plant (source to sink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lower epidermis

A

Bottom part of the plant leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stomata

A

Holes on the lower epidermis that allow for gas exchange and transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Guard cells

A

Regulate the opening and closing of stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Light reaction

A

First part of photosynthesis, requires light, results on ATP and NADPH; in thylakoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dark reaction

A

Second part of photosynthesis, does not require light, makes glucose; in stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Photons

A

Light, energy units of sunlight

16
Q

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids

A

Light-absorbing pigments, aka antenna pigments (gather and bounce light to the reaction center)

17
Q

Reaction center

A

Location of the special molecule that can transform light energy into chemical energy

18
Q

Photosystems 1 and 2

A

The two types of reaction centers
Ps1 absorbs light best at 700 nanometers
Ps2 absorbs light best at 680 nanometers

19
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

When light is used to make ATP

20
Q

Photolysis

A

The splitting of water into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons in ps 2

21
Q

NADPH

A

The final electron acceptor in photosynthesis

22
Q

Noncyclic phosphorylation

A

P680 captures light and pass electrons down the ETC to produce ATP
P700 captures light and pass electrons down the ETC to produce NADPH
A molecule of water is split by sunlight, releasing O, H, and e-s

23
Q

Cyclic phosphorylation

A

P700 captures light and passes excited electrons down the ETC to produce ATP
No NADPH produced
No water split
Not as efficient

24
Carbon fixation
CO2 is converted into a carbohydrate (glucose)
25
Calvin cycle
Cycle in which CO2 enters the pathway and bonds with RuBP to form a 6 C molecule which then undergoes changes to create ATP and NADP+, and the G3P that will be made into glucose
26
C3 pathway
G3P is made into glucose at the end of photosynthesis
27
Photorespiration
Pathway that leads to the fixation of oxygen
28
C4 pathway
Uses PEP carboxylase fix PEP and CO2; then Co2 continues on the Calvin Cycle Used by plants in hot dry climates
29
CAM photosynthesis
A way for plants in danger of loosing excessive water (meaning they have their stomata closed during the entire day) to photosynthesize even without their stomata open