Part 4: Photosynthesis

Question 0

Upper epidermis

Answer 0

Produces the cuticle

Question 1

Cuticle

Answer 1

Waxy covering on a leaf; protects from water loss due to evaporation

Question 2

Palisade parenchyma

Answer 2

Primary sites of photosynthesis (cells have many chloroplasts), below upper epidermis

Question 3

Stroma

Answer 3

Fluid-filled region of the chloroplast

Question 4

Grana

Answer 4

Stacks of thylakoids, inside stroma

Question 5

Thylakoids

Answer 5

Disk-like structures, contain chlorophyll and enzymes involved in photosynthesis

Question 6

Spongy parenchyma

Answer 6

Irregular-shaped cells, allow for diffusion of gasses, especially CO2, w/in plant, below palisade parenchyma

Question 7

Vascular bundles

Answer 7

Vein, contain xylem and phloem

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

Transport water up the plant

Question 9

Phloem

Answer 9

Transport food and nutrients up or down the plant (source to sink)

Question 10

Lower epidermis

Answer 10

Bottom part of the plant leaf

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

Holes on the lower epidermis that allow for gas exchange and transpiration

Question 12

Guard cells

Answer 12

Regulate the opening and closing of stomata

Question 13

Light reaction

Answer 13

First part of photosynthesis, requires light, results on ATP and NADPH; in thylakoid

Question 14

Dark reaction

Answer 14

Second part of photosynthesis, does not require light, makes glucose; in stroma

Question 15

Photons

Answer 15

Light, energy units of sunlight

Question 16

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids

Answer 16

Light-absorbing pigments, aka antenna pigments (gather and bounce light to the reaction center)

Question 17

Reaction center

Answer 17

Location of the special molecule that can transform light energy into chemical energy

Question 18

Photosystems 1 and 2

Answer 18

The two types of reaction centers
Ps1 absorbs light best at 700 nanometers
Ps2 absorbs light best at 680 nanometers

Question 19

Photophosphorylation

Answer 19

When light is used to make ATP

Question 20

Photolysis

Answer 20

The splitting of water into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons in ps 2

Question 21

NADPH

Answer 21

The final electron acceptor in photosynthesis

Question 22

Noncyclic phosphorylation

Answer 22

P680 captures light and pass electrons down the ETC to produce ATP
P700 captures light and pass electrons down the ETC to produce NADPH
A molecule of water is split by sunlight, releasing O, H, and e-s

Question 23

Cyclic phosphorylation

Answer 23

P700 captures light and passes excited electrons down the ETC to produce ATP
No NADPH produced
No water split
Not as efficient

Question 24

Carbon fixation

Answer 24

CO2 is converted into a carbohydrate (glucose)

Question 25

Calvin cycle

Answer 25

Cycle in which CO2 enters the pathway and bonds with RuBP to form a 6 C molecule which then undergoes changes to create ATP and NADP+, and the G3P that will be made into glucose

Question 26

C3 pathway

Answer 26

G3P is made into glucose at the end of photosynthesis

Question 27

Photorespiration

Answer 27

Pathway that leads to the fixation of oxygen

Question 28

C4 pathway

Answer 28

Uses PEP carboxylase fix PEP and CO2; then Co2 continues on the Calvin Cycle
Used by plants in hot dry climates

Question 29

CAM photosynthesis

Answer 29

A way for plants in danger of loosing excessive water (meaning they have their stomata closed during the entire day) to photosynthesize even without their stomata open