Part 7 - Adverse drug reactions Flashcards
what is the difference between a common and a dangerous adverse reaction of a drug using the examples of a statin
common - myalgia
dangerous - rhabdomyolysis
what is a type A reaction give examples
a common side effect such as renal impairement
hypokalaaemia
hepatic dysfunction
urinary retention
common predictable and dose related
type a reaction are easily adjusted how
adjusting dose
type b reaction also known as idiosyncratic are bizzarre and unexpected reactions related to gene, host and environmental interactions two examples of this are
anaphylaxis
skin rash with pencillin
SE of aminogylcosides such as gent and vanc
nephortoxic
ototoxic
SE of any abx especially broad spectrum abx such as cephalopsorins and ciprofloxacin
c diff colitis
SE ace i
low BP
AKI
dry cough
electrolyte imbalances
SE BB
low BP
bradycardia
not in asthmatics as wheze
worsen HF - helps chronic ( negaiv iontrophic repsonse and lower CO)
SE CCB
low BP
bradycardia
odedema
flushing
SE diuretics summary
low BP
electrolytes
AKI
SE heparin
haemorrhage especially in renal failure
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
when you prescribe warfarin for the first time what should be prescribed alongside and for how long
heparin until INR exceeds 2 as can take time
moa warfarin
vik k reductase inhibitor
se aspirin
haemorrhage
peptic ulcers
gastritis
tinnitus in large doses
SE digoxin
n and V
diarrhoea
blurred vision
confusion and drowsy
halo vision adn yellow green visual perception
moa of digoxin
competes with potassium at myocyte sodium potassium ATpase limiting sodium inlfux
since ca outflow relies on Na influx ca accumulates in cell lengthening action potential and slows HR
this is improtnat has high levels of potassium limit this effect and low levels auguments this effect
SE amiodarone
PF
thyroid disease - related to iodine hence name amIODarone
skin greying
corneal depositis
SE lithium
tremour - early
tiredness - intermediate
arrythmias, seizures, coma , renal failure and DI - late
SE haloperidol
dyskinesias eg acute dystonia, drowsy
clozapine
agrulocytosis - monitor FBC
steriods
stomach ulcers
thin skin
edema
right and left heart fialure
osteoporosis
infection - candida included
diabetes - hyperglyceamia
cushing Syndrome
fludrocortisone SE
high BP
sodium and water retention
nsaid SE
No urine - RF
Systolic dysfunction - heart failure
asthma
inigestion - any cause
Dyscaria - clotting abnormality
statins SE
myalgia
abdo pain
increased ALT and AST
rhabdomyolysis
