Parkinson's Disease

Question 1

Parkinsonisms

Answer 1

umbrella term for conditions that cover 4 classic symptoms

Question 2

what are the 4 classic symptoms of parkinsonisms

Answer 2

Tremor resting
Rigidity
A/bradkynesia
Postural instability

Question 3

what comes under parkinsonism

Answer 3

Parkinson’s disease
parkinsons plus syndromes
drug-induced parkinson’s

Question 4

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 4

chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by lack of dopamine from the substantia nigra

idiopathic, elderly

classic TRAP features
tremor improves when stretched out
asymmetric tremor

investigations:
diagnosed by a specialist
MRI

management:
levodopa +/- carbidopa
dopamine agonist/selegiline/COMT inhibitors can be added

Question 5

Parkinson plus syndromes

Answer 5

Multiple atrophy Syndrome:

• affects multiple systems of brain
• Parkinsonism
• autonomic problems - HYPOTENSION, problems with bowel

Lewy-Body-Dementia:
- dementia then Parkinsonism

Question 6

what drugs have the potential to induce Parkinsonism

Answer 6

lithium
anti-psychotics
anti-emetics

Question 7

side effect of levodopa

Answer 7

long term use can induce dyskinesia