Brain Injuries

Question 1

what brain injuries can occur

Answer 1

subarachnoid haemorrhage
subdural haemorrhage
extra dural haemorrhage

Question 2

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 2

signs:
thunderclap headache
sudden
neck stiffness
photobia
vomiting 

investigations:
non-contrast CT
LP after 12 hrs if CT comes back negative
CT angiogram to locate bleed

management:
nimodipine
bed rest
surgical coiling if fit

CT image:
white in-between gaps of brain

Question 3

subdural haemorrhage

Answer 3

signs:
ACUTE
history of an injury

CHRONIC:
common in elderly
common in alcoholics
anti-coagulant medication

investigations:
CT

CT image:
banana shape

management:
surgical decompression if symptomatic

Question 4

extradural haemorrhage

Answer 4

signs:
history of injury
episodes of feeling better and then worse

CT image:
lemon shape/biconver

management:
craniotomy

commonly occurs in the temporal region