Parenteral Drug Delivery Flashcards
What are the advantages of parenteral routes?
Speed of action - enter plasma quickly and rapidly disperse into tissue
Local target effect
100% F
What are the advantages of IV delivery?
Immediate effect
More predictable response than other routes
Preferred for orally inactive drug
Suitable for unconscious, uncooperative and nauseous patients
What are the disadvantage of IV delivery?
Extensive training
Sterility
Dosage error
Complications
Availability of sites
How does IV drug Tavel around the body?
Drug injected into vein
Passed through pulmonary circulation
Heart pumps it to tissues
Drug returns to heart through liver
Does elimination of infusion follow first order kinetics?
Yes
What are the different IV administrations?
Small volumes
Large volumes via central venous catheter emptying into subclavian vein
Continuous via drip
Ambulatory & implantable pumps
What are the formulation requirements of small volume parenterals?
Sterile and particle free
pH from 3 to 9
Co solvents and preservatives allowed
Surfactants to aid solubility
What are the formulation requirements of large volume parenterals?
pH between 6-8
Isotonic with glucose and NaCl
No preservatives
Do IM need to be water based?
No
What are the advantages and disadvantages of IM?
Advantages: rapid absorption, formulate sustained depot, implanted devices can be removed
Disadvantages, local muscle
Damage, can’t use in cardiac failure, must avoid blood vessels
What things must parenteral routes be?
Sterile
Should be isotonic and have a pH 7.4
