Diabetes 2 Flashcards
Give 2 examples of sulphonylureas and mechanism of action
Glicazide,tolbutamide, glibenclamide
Stimulates IS by blocking ATP K+channel in beta islet cells
Give examples of prandial glucose regulators and mechanism of action
Repaglinide, nateglinide
MOA same as sulphonylureas
Give examples of thiazolinediones and mechanism of action
Pioglitazone
PPAR agonists so sensitises insulin cells
Give examples of a-glucosidase inhibitors and mechanism of action
Acarbose
Delays digestion and absorption of starch and sucrose
Give examples of GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors and mechanism of action
GLP - exenatide, liraglutide
DPP- sitagliptin, saxagliptin
MOA of both- promote insulin release, reduce glucagon secretion, reduce gastric emptying, promote satiety and reduce glucose production
Give examples of sodium
Glucose transporter 2 and mechanism of action
Dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin
Inhibit renal glucose reabsorption
What causes hypoglycaemia in T2DM?
Sulphonylureas, hepatic and renal disease and some drugs
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state and how is it managed?
Severe hyperglycaemia without ketosis
Managed by DKA (diabetes ketosis acidosis)
In long term complication of diabetes what disease are caused by the micro and macro vascular?
Micro:
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Macro: CVD, cerebral vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease
How is micro vascular disease controlled in diabetes?
Good glycemic control
Control of hypertension
How is macro vascular disease controlled in diabetes?
Good glycemic control Control of hypertension Control of dyslipidemia Use of Anti platelet drugs
Give an example of a biguanide and the mechanism of action
Metformin
Reduce gluconeogenesis and increase glucose utilisation