Diabetes 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 examples of sulphonylureas and mechanism of action

A

Glicazide,tolbutamide, glibenclamide

Stimulates IS by blocking ATP K+channel in beta islet cells

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2
Q

Give examples of prandial glucose regulators and mechanism of action

A

Repaglinide, nateglinide

MOA same as sulphonylureas

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3
Q

Give examples of thiazolinediones and mechanism of action

A

Pioglitazone

PPAR agonists so sensitises insulin cells

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4
Q

Give examples of a-glucosidase inhibitors and mechanism of action

A

Acarbose

Delays digestion and absorption of starch and sucrose

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5
Q

Give examples of GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors and mechanism of action

A

GLP - exenatide, liraglutide
DPP- sitagliptin, saxagliptin

MOA of both- promote insulin release, reduce glucagon secretion, reduce gastric emptying, promote satiety and reduce glucose production

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6
Q

Give examples of sodium

Glucose transporter 2 and mechanism of action

A

Dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin

Inhibit renal glucose reabsorption

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7
Q

What causes hypoglycaemia in T2DM?

A

Sulphonylureas, hepatic and renal disease and some drugs

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8
Q

What is hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state and how is it managed?

A

Severe hyperglycaemia without ketosis

Managed by DKA (diabetes ketosis acidosis)

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9
Q

In long term complication of diabetes what disease are caused by the micro and macro vascular?

A

Micro:
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy

Macro: CVD, cerebral vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease

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10
Q

How is micro vascular disease controlled in diabetes?

A

Good glycemic control

Control of hypertension

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11
Q

How is macro vascular disease controlled in diabetes?

A
Good glycemic control 
Control of hypertension
Control of dyslipidemia 
Use of
Anti platelet drugs
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12
Q

Give an example of a biguanide and the mechanism of action

A

Metformin

Reduce gluconeogenesis and increase glucose utilisation

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