Kidney Disease

Question 1

What can AKI be due to?

Answer 1

Pre renal
Intrinsic
Post renal

Question 2

How is Perenal AKI caused?

Answer 2

Reduced renal perfusion
Therefore reduced effective circulatory blood volume, renal artery stenosis, thrombosis, thrombosis
Drug NSAIDS, ACEi, ATRAs

Question 3

What do prostaglandins do to the kidney and how is it stimulated?

Answer 3

Are vasodilator yap increase b flow and GFR

stimuli: release include dehydration, acute stress, SNS and angiotensin 2

Question 4

What are NSAIDs contraindicated in?

Answer 4

Renal ischaemia
Haemorrhagic shock
Elderly

Question 5

What is CKD and is it long term, progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons?

Answer 5

Chronic kidney disease

Yes

Question 6

How to distinguish CKD?

Answer 6

Long term duration of symptoms 
Absence of acute illness 
Anaemia 
Hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia
Reduced renal dice snd cortical thickness

Question 7

How is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 7

Oxygen delivery to the kidney
Peritubular fibroblast like cells produce EPO
EPO stimulated erythropoiesis by bone marrow
Increase RBC production and restores oxygen levels back to normal

Question 8

What is AKI and is it rapid?

Answer 8

A cute kidney injury

Yes