Diuretic

Question 1

How do osmotic diuretics work?

Answer 1

Poorly reabsorbed
Increase osmolality of tubular fluid in PCT and LoH
Reduce passive reabsorption of water

Question 2

To gain access where are loop diuretics secreted into and how do they walk?

Answer 2

Secreted into the tubular lumen (PCT) via organic anion transporter

Block sodium potassium chlorine at porter of thick ascending limb

Question 3

How do thiazides work?

Answer 3

Block sodium chlorine symporter of early DCT

Question 4

Why are thiazides ineffective in moderate renal impairment?

Answer 4

Secreted by PCT weak acid transported prior to acting on DCT

Question 5

How does hypokalemia occur?

Answer 5

Activation of RAAS

increase sodium delivery to DCT leads to promotion of potassium loss

Question 6

What is a secondary cause of loop diuretics and thiazides?

Answer 6

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 7

What are the two types of potassium sparing diuretics?

Answer 7

Aldosterone receptor antagonists

Sodium channel blockers

Question 8

What do diuretics do?

Answer 8

Increase sodium excretion
Decrease extracellular/ plasma volume
Reduce oedema and BP