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MTAP 1 FINALS > Parasitology (Nematodes) > Flashcards

Parasitology (Nematodes) Flashcards

1
Q

Habitat of A. lumbricoides

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

T. trichiura and E. vermicularis habitat

A

Large intestine

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3
Q

Most common helminth

A

E. vermicularis, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura

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4
Q

egg that contains fully developed larvae in its shell

A

Embryonated egg

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5
Q

Usual diagnostic stage of E. vermicularis, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura

A

eggs/ova

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6
Q

C. philippinensis habitat

A

small intestine

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7
Q

Infective stage of C. philippinensis

A

Larva

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8
Q

MOT of C. philippinensis

A

Ingestion of larva from raw fishes

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9
Q

Habitat of S. stercoralis, N. americanus, A. duodenale

A

Intestinal

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10
Q

Infective stage of
S. stercoralis
N. americanus
A. duodenale

A

Filariform larva

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11
Q

MOT of
S. stercoralis
N. americanus
A. duodenale

A

Skin penetration

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12
Q

Nematodes general characteristics

A

Separate sexes
Male - shorter with curved tail dorsally
Female: longer straight tail
elongated, cylindrical, non-segmented
With GIT - mouth, anus

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13
Q

aphasmids nematodes

A

T. spiralis, T. trichiura, C. philippinensis

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14
Q

Life cycle of nematodes

A

Egg stage:
Larva (young worm)
Adult (Male/Female)

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15
Q

sensory organ found in the cephalic of nematodes

A

chemoreceptors

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16
Q

MOT: Ingestion of encysted larva following consumption of inadequately cooked pork

A

T. spiralis

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17
Q

Intermediate host of D. medinensis

A

Copepods - freshwater fleas

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18
Q

D. medinensis habitat

A

Subcutaneous tissues

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19
Q

Viviparous nematode

A

D. medinensis

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20
Q

S. Stercoralis and Hookworms life cycle

A

Egg
Rhabditiform larva
Filariform larva
Adult

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21
Q

feeding stage, w/ open mouth, shorter and robust, not infective

A

Rhabditiform

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22
Q

non-feeding, w/ closed mouth, longer and slender, infective; penetrates human skin

A

FILARIFORM

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23
Q

To differentiate RHABDITIFORM

A

Length of buccal cavity

Size of genital primordium

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24
Q

To differentiate filariform larva

A

Length of esophagus

Tail end

Presence or absence of sheath

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25
Q

Rhabditiform larva of______:

225 um long and has shorter buccal cavity - half the width of the body and distinct/conspicuos genital primordium

A

S. stercoralis

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26
Q

Rhabditiform of _____:

length of 250 um with longer buccal cavity-length is equal to the width of the body; and indistinct/inconspicuos genital primordium

A

hookworms

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27
Q

Filariform larvae of ___:

have a length of 700um with shorter esophagus, straight tail end and is sheathed

A

hookworms

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28
Q

Filariform larvae of ___:

has length of 550 um with longer esophagus, bifid or notched tail end and is unsheathed

A

S. stercoralis

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29
Q

Facultative parthenogenic that can live outside man and survive without a host

A

S. stercoralis

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30
Q

Virgin birthing - capable of producing eggs without male

A

Parthenogenesis

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31
Q

Larviparous/Viviparous: no egg stage; deliver larva species:

A

All filarial worms
T. spiralis
D. medinensis

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32
Q

Oviparous: Female nematodes that can produce eggs without developed larva in its shell species:

A

Female: Ascaris, Trichuris, Hookworms

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33
Q

Ovoviparous: Female worms that can develop larva in its shell species:

A

Enterobius vemicularis
Strongyloides stercoralis

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34
Q

General characteristics of Filarial worms:

A

Arthropod borne

Diagnostic stage: examined in the blood

Exhibits periodicity

Sheathed/Unsheathed

Causes Filariasis
MOT: Skin inoculation

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35
Q

Adult microfilaria is found in

A

usual habitat or lymphatics

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36
Q

Microfilaria is seen in what specimen

A

blood

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37
Q

larvae that goes to the blood depending on its periodicity may be sheathed or unsheathed; diagnostic stage

A

microfilaria

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38
Q

Usual specimen for filarial worms

A

Blood

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39
Q

O. volvulus specimen

A

skin nips (biopsy)

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40
Q

Filaria that can be seen in Lower lymphatics

A

W. bancrofti

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41
Q

Filaria seen in Upper lymphatics

A

B. malayi

42
Q

Filaria seen in subcutaneous tissue

A

Loa loa

O. volvulus

43
Q

Filaria seen in body cavities

A

M. ozzardi

M. perstans

44
Q

Filaria seen in dermis of the skin

A

M. streptocerca

45
Q

Filaria stage that is infective to man

A

L3: 3rd stage larva

46
Q

Filaria infective stage to vector

A

Microfilaria

47
Q

MOT for filaria

A

Skin inoculation

48
Q

Sheathed filarial worm

A

W. bancrofti

B. malayi

L. loa

49
Q

Vector for W. bancrofti

A

Mosquitoes
(Aedes, Culex, Anopheles,
Mansonia spp)

50
Q

B. malayi vector

A

Mansonia spp. (mosquitoes)

51
Q

Loa loa vectors

A

Chrysops fly
Mango fly
Deerfly

52
Q

Nocturnal periodic filaria

A

W. bancrofti

53
Q

Nocturnal subperiodic filaria

A

B. malayi

54
Q

Diurnal filaria

A

Loa loa

55
Q

Sheathed filaria tail morphology:

Nuclei that does not extend to the tip

A

W. bancrofti

56
Q

Sheathed filaria tail morphology:

With 2 terminal nuclei

A

B. malayi

57
Q

Sheathed filaria tail morphology:

Nuclei extend to tip of tail

A

Loa loa

58
Q

Unsheathed filarial worms

A

M. perstans

M. ozzardi

M. streptocerca

O. volvulus

59
Q

Carried by midges flies (culicoides flies)

A

M. perstans

M. ozzardi

M. streptocerca

60
Q

O. volvulus vector

A

Black flies

61
Q

Non-periodic filarial worms

A

M. perstans
M. ozzardi
M. streptocerca
O. volvulus

62
Q

Unsheathed filaria tail morphology:

Nuclei that do not extend to tip of tail

A

M. ozzardi

O. volvulus

63
Q

Unsheathed filaria tail morphology:

Nuclei extend to tip of curved tail/shepherd’s crook

A

M. streptocerca

64
Q

Accidental ingestion causes visceral larva migrans/ocular larva migrans

A

Toxocara canis

Toxocara cati

65
Q

Causes cutaneous migrans/creeping eruption

A

A. caninum
A. Braziliense

66
Q

Infection in man causes nodules in lungs/ coined lesions (diagnosed through x-ray)

A

D. immitis

67
Q

Causes eosinophilic meningitis/cerebral parastrongyliasis

A

P. cantonensis (A. cantonensis)

68
Q

Causes anisakiasis

A

Anisakis spp.

69
Q

Infective stage of Anisakis spp

A

Larval form

70
Q

Definitive host for P. cantonensis

A

Rats

71
Q

Intermediate host of P. cantonensis

A

Snails

72
Q

MOT of P. cantonensis

A

Ingestion after eating raw snail

73
Q

MOT for D. immitis

A

Skin inoculation

74
Q

MOT for A. caninum and A. Braziliense

A

Skin penetration of filariform larva

75
Q

MOT for Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati

A

Accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs

76
Q

Adult worm:

Pink or white

Superficially resembles earth worm

Mouth: 3 oval lips - trilobate lip

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

77
Q

Fertilized egg of A. lumbricoides appearance

A

Thick shell

78
Q

Unfertilized egg of A. lumbricoides appearance

A

Thin shelled

79
Q

A. lumbricoides eggs without mamillation appearance

A

decorticated

80
Q

Adult worm:

Pinkish gray

Anterior 2/3 slender
With slender head part and fleshy tail that resembles a whip

A

Trichuris trichiura

81
Q

Egg appearance:

Barrel/ football shaped

Lantern shaped with PROTRUDED mucus plugs/polar plugs

A

T. trichiura

82
Q

Resembles japanese lantern ova

A

T. trichiura

83
Q

Egg appearance:

D-shaped, flat on one side; lopsided with thin shell that encloses motile larva

A

Enterobius vermicularis

84
Q

Adult worm:

Equipped with CUTICULAR ALAR EXPANSION and well defined esophageal bulb

A

Enterobius vermicularis

85
Q

Egg appearance:

Peanut shaped, flat polar plugs, with striated shell

A

Capillaria philippinensis

86
Q

Adult worm:

Thin filamentous anterior and a slightly thicker posterior

A

C. philippinensis

87
Q

Egg appearance:

alike/identical eggs

Ovoid with thin shell containing 2-8 germ cells resembling morula ball

A

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenal

88
Q

Adult worm:

with semilunar cutting plates

A

N. americanus

89
Q

Adult worm:

2 pairs of buccal teeth

A

A. duodenale

90
Q

Adult worm: 1 pair of buccal teeth

A

A. braziliense

91
Q

Adult worm:

3 pairs of buccal teeth

A

A. caninum

92
Q

Egg appearance:

Similar to those of hookworms but are usually embryonated

A

Stongyloides stercoralis

93
Q

Adult worm:

Short buccal cavity with indistinct lips

A

S. stercoralis

94
Q

Soil transmitted helminths

A

Strongyloides stercoralis
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancyclostoma caninum
Ancylostoma braziliense

95
Q

Can cause Infection — PRURITIS ANI itchiness of anal region caused by female migration

A

E. vermicularis

96
Q

Heavy infection of E. vermicularis can lead to

A

Rectal prolapse

97
Q

Hookworm can cause what type of anemia

A

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA - MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC TYPE OF ANEMIA

98
Q

Can cause Loeffler’s syndrome

A

A. lumbricoides

99
Q

Chinese lantern ova:

A

S. stercoralis

100
Q

Unholy three hookworms

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichura
Hookworms: N. Americanus and A. dudenale

101
Q

Causes pneumonitis due to lung migration

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides stercoralis
Human hookworms

102
Q

Unsheathed filaria tail morphology:

Nuclei extend to tip of tail

A

M. Perstans

MTAP 1 FINALS (16 decks)

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