Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MTAP 1 FINALS > AUBF Macroscopic Urine Examination > Flashcards

AUBF Macroscopic Urine Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Gives yellow color of urine (Thudichum)

A

Urochrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most evident in refrigerated, precipitation of amorphous urates, produces pink color to the sediment. (acidic)

A

Uroerythrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen, imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

A

Urobilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Urine color:

oxidation of porphobilinogen to porphyrins

Problems in enzymatic steps (heme synthesis): porphyrias

A

Red/Port Wine color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oxidation of melanogen (colorless pigment) to melanin - produce in excess

A

Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

homogentisic acid (metabolite phenylalanine) - imparts a black color to alkaline urine from person with inborn metabolism

A

Alkaptonuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical Laboratory Correlation:
Random urine specimen

Cause: Recent fluid consumption

A

Colorless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical Laboratory Correlation: Increased 24 hour volume and low specific gravity

Elevated specific gravity and positive glucose test result

Recent fluid consumption

A

Pale yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes:

Polyuria or diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus

Dilute random specimen

A

Pale yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical Laboratory Correlation:

May be normal after strenuous exercise or in first morning specimen

Fever or bums
Yellow foam when shaken and positive chemical test results for bilirubin

Negative bile test results and possible green
fluorescence

Antibiotic administered for urinary tract infections

A

Dark yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of Dark Yellow color of urine

A

Concentrated specimen

B complex vitamins

Dehydration

Bilirubin

Acriflavine

Nitrofurantoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical/Laboratory Correlation:

Drug commonly administered for urinary tract infections

Anticoagulant. orange in alkaline urine. colorless in acid urine

A

Orange-Yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of orange-yellow urine

A

Phenazopyridine (pyridium)

Phenindione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of yellow green urine

A

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of Green Urine

A

Pseudomonas infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of Blue Green Urine

A

Amitriptyline
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Clorets
Indican
Methylene blue
Phenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of Pink urine

A

RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical/Laboratory Correlation

Colored foam in acidic urine and false negative chemical test result for biliburin

A

Yellow-Green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical/Laboratory Correlation

Positive urine culture

A

Green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Clinical/Laboratory Correlation

Antidepressant
Muscle relaxant. may be green-brown
None
Bacterial infection, intestinal disorders
Fistulas when oxidized

color

A

Blue- Green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical/Laboratory Correlation

Cloudy urine with positive chemical test results for blood and RBCs visible microscopically

Color

A

Pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clinical/ Laboratory

Urine darkens on standing and reacts with
nitroprusside and ferric chloride

Interfere with copper reduction tests

Color disappears with ferric chloride

Antihypertensive

Darkens on standing. intestinal and vaginal infections

A

Black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes of Black urine color

A

Malignant melanoma
Melanin or melanogen
Phenol derivatives
Argyrol (antiseptic)
Methyldopa or levodopa
Metronidazole (Flagyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Urine clarity

No visible particulate

A

clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clarity:

Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

A

Hazy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Urine clarity:

Many particulates, print blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Clarity:

Print cannot be seen through urine

A

Turbid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Clarity:

May precipitate or be clotted

A

Milky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Non-pathologic cause of urine turbidity:

A

Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
Semen, sperm protozoa
Fecal contamination
Radiographic contrast media
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pathologic cause of urine turbidity

31
Q

Random urine sample specific gravity

A

1.015-1.030

32
Q

Specific gravity of radiographic contrast media (cholesterol correlation)

33
Q

Specific gravity of water

34
Q

Isosthenuric: SG

35
Q

Hyposthenuric: SG

36
Q

Hypersthenuric: SG

37
Q

Principle of Refractometry

A

Refractive index

38
Q

Principle: Changes in colligative properties by particle number

A

Osmolality

39
Q

CALIBRATION OF MANUAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENT: Refractometer and Urinometer difference

A

Temperature: 5-9 deg C (F: -32) - Urinometer

Temperature (no adjustment) - refractometer

Both:

For every 1g protein, subtract 0.003

For every 1g of glucose, subtract 0.004

40
Q

Macroscopic screening color significance:

41
Q

Macroscopic screening clarity significance:

A

Hematuria
Hemoglobinuria
Myoglobinuria

42
Q

Macroscopic screening blood significance:

A

RBCs, RBC Cast

43
Q

Macroscopic screening protein significance:

A

Casts, Cells

44
Q

Macroscopic screening Nitrite significance:

A

Bacteria, WBCs

45
Q

Macroscopic screening Leukocyte Esterase significance:

A

WBCs, WBC Cast, Bacteria

46
Q

Macroscopic screening Glucose significance:

47
Q

Analyte that decreases in unpreserved urine

A

Clarity
Glucose
Ketones
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
RBCs, WBCs, Casts
Trichomonas

48
Q

Analyte that increases in an unpreserved urine

A

Odor
pH
Nitrite
Bacteria

49
Q

Color change in an unpreserved urine

A

Modified, Darkened

50
Q

Cause of color change in urine

A

Oxidation and reduction of metabolites

51
Q

Cause of clarity change in urine

A

Bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material

52
Q

Cause of glucose change in urine

A

Glycolysis and bacterial use

53
Q

Cause of ketone changes in urine

A

Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

54
Q

Cause of change in bilirubin level

A

Exposure to light/photo oxidation to biliverdin

55
Q

Cause of change in urobilinogen

A

Oxidation to urobilin

56
Q

Causeof RBCs, WBCs, Casts changes in urine

A

Disintegration in dilute alkaline urine

57
Q

Cause of trichomonas changes in urine

A

Loss of motility, death

58
Q

Analyte that increases in unpreserved urine

A

Odor
pH
Nitrite
Bacteria

59
Q

Cause of odor change in unpreserved urine

A

Bacterial multiplication causing breakdown of urea and ammonia

60
Q

Cause of ph change in unpreserved urine

A

Breakdown of urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria/loss of CO2

61
Q

Cause of nitrite changes in urine

A

multiplication of nitrate reducing bacteria

62
Q

Cause of change in bacteria in an unpreserved urine

A

Multiplication

63
Q

Not part of routine urine analysis

64
Q

Normal odor of urine

65
Q

Foul ammonia-like odor cause

A

Bacterial decomposition, UTI

66
Q

Fruity and sweet odor cause in urine

A

Ketones (DM, Starvation, Vomiting)

67
Q

Maple syrup odor cause

68
Q

Mousy odor cause of urine

A

Phenylketoneuria (PKU)

69
Q

Rancid odor cause

A

Tyrosinemia

70
Q

Sweaty feet odor cause

A

Isovaleric Acidemia

71
Q

Cabbage odor cause

A

methionine malabsorption

72
Q

bleach odor cause

A

contamination

73
Q

rotting fish odor cause

A

galunggong-like odor, trimethylaminuria

MTAP 1 FINALS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions