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MTAP 1 FINALS > AUBF urinary sediment > Flashcards

AUBF urinary sediment Flashcards

1
Q

RED BLOOD CELL appearance in urine

A

smooth, non-nucleated biconcave disc (7mm)

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2
Q

Hypersthenuric (concentrated) RBCs

A

Crenated (SP > 1.010)

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3
Q

Hyposthenuric (Diluted) RBCs

A

Sg: <1.010; Ghost cells (large empty cell)

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4
Q

Dysmorphic (Cellular protrusions, fragmented) RBCs cause

A

Glomerular bleeding

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5
Q

Urinary sediment:

Associated with damage to glomerular membrane or vascular injury within the genitourinary tract

The number of cells present is indicative of the extent of the damage/injury

A

Red blood cells

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6
Q

Macroscopic color in urine: red to brown color indication

A

Hematuria

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7
Q

Macroscopic:

Frequently associated with advanced glomerular damage but is also seen with damage to the vascular integrity of the urinary tract caused by trauma, acute infection or inflammation, and coagulation disorders

A

Hematuria

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8
Q

Microscopic:

Critical to early diagnosis of glomerular disorders and malignancy of the urinary tract and to confirm the presence of renal calculi (kidney stones)

A

Hematuria

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9
Q

Increased in urinary _____ indicates presence of an infection or inflammation in the genitourinary system

A

WBCs

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10
Q

Predominant WBCs in urine

A

neutrophil

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11
Q

Hypotonic (absorbs water and swell) - granules exhibit brownian movement; neutrophil appear as

A

glitter cells

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12
Q

Drug induced intersistitial nephritis (also seen in UTI, renal transplant rejection)

WBCs

A

Eosinophil

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13
Q

WBCs seen in early stages of renal transplant rejection

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

Difference of mononuclear cells and disintegrating neutrophils from round renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells

A

RTE: usually larger than WBCs with and eccentrically located nucleus

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15
Q

Epithelial cell derived from the genitourinary system, normal, sloughing off

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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16
Q

Largest cells found in urine sediment

A

Squamous SC

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17
Q

Transitional epithelial (urothelial) cells appearance:

A

spherical, polyhedral, caudate

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18
Q

Cell that is different in shape due to its ability to absorb large amount of water

A

Transitional epithelial cells

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19
Q

Originate from the lining of the renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, and bladder, and from the upper portion of the male urethra

A

Transitional Epithelial cells

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20
Q

Synctia is seen in

A

catheterization

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21
Q

Vacuolated transitional epithelial cells indicates:

A

abnormal (malignancy/viral infection)

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22
Q

Present during tissue necrosis or destruction

A

Renal tubular epithelial cells

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23
Q

Renal Tubular Epithelial cell origin

A

PCT, DCT, CD

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24
Q

RTE origin:

Rectangular in shape; referred to as columnar or convulated cells; resembles cast

A

PCT (larger than any RTE cells)

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25
Q

RTE origin:

Smaller, round, or oval

Can be mistaken for WBC or spherical transitional EC

A

DCT

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26
Q

RTE origin:

Cuboidal and are never round

A

Collecting Duct RTE

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27
Q

Lipid containing RTE cells

A

Oval Fat Bodies

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28
Q

RTE cells containing NON-LIPID filled vacuoles (Acute Tubular Necrosis)

A

Bubble cells

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29
Q

Squamous EC covered with Gardnerella coccobacillus (bacterial vaginosis)

A

Clue cells

30
Q

Most frequently bacteria associated with UTI

A

Enterobacteriaceae (gram-negative rods)

31
Q

Small refractile oval structures (may or may not contain bud)

A

Yeast

32
Q

Causes: DM, Vaginal Monillasis, immunocompromised individuals

A

Candida albicans

33
Q

most encountered; STD, vaginal infection, prostate - asymptomatic

A

T. vaginalis

34
Q

Bladder parasite

A

S. haematobium

35
Q

pinworm, most common fecal containment

A

E. vermicularis

36
Q

Significance of spermatozoa

A

Male infertility, retrograde ejaculation (sperm is expelled into bladder instead of urethra)

37
Q

Major constituent of mucus

A

Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein)

38
Q

Only found in urine; unique to kidney

A

Casts

39
Q

Presence of urinary casts

A

Cylinduria

40
Q

Formed in distal and collecting tubules of kidney

A

Casts

41
Q

True geometrically structure or amorphous

Precipitation of urine solutes

A

Crystals

42
Q

Artifact that has is highly refractile sphere with dimpled center

A

Starch

43
Q

Artifact appear as spheres with a cell wall and occasional concentric circles

A

Pollen grains

44
Q

Artifact that resemble casts; fibers polarized

A

Fibers/Hair

45
Q

Appear as plant and meat fibers or as brown amorphous material

A

Fecal contamination

46
Q

Most frequently seen urinary casts

A

Hyaline casts

47
Q

Cast normally seen in dehydration, heat exposure, emotional stress

A

Hyaline casts

48
Q

Pathologically increased in acute glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, chronic renal disease, CHF

A

Hyaline Cast

49
Q

Color of hyaline cast in sternheimer-malbin stain

A

pink

50
Q

Casts normally seen in people who does extraneous exercise

A

RBC casts, Hyaline casts

51
Q

RBC casts color under LPF

A

Orange

52
Q

RBCs degenerates into pigment, granular cast greater stasis in urine

A

Blood casts/Muddy brown casts

53
Q

Indication: bleeding within the nephron

A

RBC casts

54
Q

Associated with proteinuria and dysmorphic erythrocytes

A

Glomerular damage (glomerulonephritis)

55
Q

Embedded in hyaline cast matrix; signifies infection within the nephron

A

WBC Casts

56
Q

non-bacterial inflammation of WBC casts

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

57
Q

Bacterial inflammation accompanied by WBC casts

A

Pyelonephritis

58
Q

Upper UTI WBC cast

A

no presence of bacteria

59
Q

Lower UTI (Cystitis) wbc casts

A

presence of bacteria

60
Q

Bacterial casts containing bacilli both bound to the protein matrix

A

Pyelonephritis

61
Q

Confirmation for bacterial casts

A

Gram stain

62
Q

Indication of advance tubular obstruction, heavy metal/drug induced toxicity, viral infection, allograft rejection (accompanied by WBC cast)

A

Epithelial cells cast

63
Q

Associated with Nephrotic syndrome, Tubular necrosis, Diabetes mellitus, crushed injuries

A

Fatty cast

64
Q

Lipiduria contents

A

Fatty Casts + Oval fat Bodies + Free fat droplets

65
Q

Casts containing multiple cell types

A

MIXED CELLULAR CASTS

66
Q

Glomerulonephritis contents in mixed cellular casts:

A

RBC + WBC casts and/or WBC + RTE cells casts

67
Q

Mixed cellular casts for pyelonephritis

A

WBC + Bacterial Cells Casts

68
Q

Fragmented with jagged ends; have notches on sides

A

Waxy casts

69
Q

Indication: extreme urine stasis (chronic renal failure)

A

Waxy casts

70
Q

Represent as advanced stage of other casts (e.g., hyaline, granular, cellular) that are transformed during urinary stasis

A

Waxy casts

71
Q

Indication: Destruction (widening) of tubular walls

A

Broad cast/Renal failure

72
Q

Bile stained with waxy cast is associated with

A

Tubular necrosis due to viral hepatitis

MTAP 1 FINALS (16 decks)

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