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MTAP 1 FINALS > AUBF urinary sediment > Flashcards

AUBF urinary sediment Flashcards

1
Q

RED BLOOD CELL appearance in urine

A

smooth, non-nucleated biconcave disc (7mm)

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2
Q

Hypersthenuric (concentrated) RBCs

A

Crenated (SP > 1.010)

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3
Q

Hyposthenuric (Diluted) RBCs

A

Sg: <1.010; Ghost cells (large empty cell)

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4
Q

Dysmorphic (Cellular protrusions, fragmented) RBCs cause

A

Glomerular bleeding

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5
Q

Urinary sediment:

Associated with damage to glomerular membrane or vascular injury within the genitourinary tract

The number of cells present is indicative of the extent of the damage/injury

A

Red blood cells

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6
Q

Macroscopic color in urine: red to brown color indication

A

Hematuria

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7
Q

Macroscopic:

Frequently associated with advanced glomerular damage but is also seen with damage to the vascular integrity of the urinary tract caused by trauma, acute infection or inflammation, and coagulation disorders

A

Hematuria

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8
Q

Microscopic:

Critical to early diagnosis of glomerular disorders and malignancy of the urinary tract and to confirm the presence of renal calculi (kidney stones)

A

Hematuria

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9
Q

Increased in urinary _____ indicates presence of an infection or inflammation in the genitourinary system

A

WBCs

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10
Q

Predominant WBCs in urine

A

neutrophil

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11
Q

Hypotonic (absorbs water and swell) - granules exhibit brownian movement; neutrophil appear as

A

glitter cells

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12
Q

Drug induced intersistitial nephritis (also seen in UTI, renal transplant rejection)

WBCs

A

Eosinophil

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13
Q

WBCs seen in early stages of renal transplant rejection

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

Difference of mononuclear cells and disintegrating neutrophils from round renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells

A

RTE: usually larger than WBCs with and eccentrically located nucleus

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15
Q

Epithelial cell derived from the genitourinary system, normal, sloughing off

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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16
Q

Largest cells found in urine sediment

A

Squamous SC

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17
Q

Transitional epithelial (urothelial) cells appearance:

A

spherical, polyhedral, caudate

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18
Q

Cell that is different in shape due to its ability to absorb large amount of water

A

Transitional epithelial cells

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19
Q

Originate from the lining of the renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, and bladder, and from the upper portion of the male urethra

A

Transitional Epithelial cells

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20
Q

Synctia is seen in

A

catheterization

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21
Q

Vacuolated transitional epithelial cells indicates:

A

abnormal (malignancy/viral infection)

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22
Q

Present during tissue necrosis or destruction

A

Renal tubular epithelial cells

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23
Q

Renal Tubular Epithelial cell origin

A

PCT, DCT, CD

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24
Q

RTE origin:

Rectangular in shape; referred to as columnar or convulated cells; resembles cast

A

PCT (larger than any RTE cells)

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25
RTE origin: Smaller, round, or oval Can be mistaken for WBC or spherical transitional EC
DCT
26
RTE origin: Cuboidal and are never round
Collecting Duct RTE
27
Lipid containing RTE cells
Oval Fat Bodies
28
RTE cells containing NON-LIPID filled vacuoles (Acute Tubular Necrosis)
Bubble cells
29
Squamous EC covered with Gardnerella coccobacillus (bacterial vaginosis)
Clue cells
30
Most frequently bacteria associated with UTI
Enterobacteriaceae (gram-negative rods)
31
Small refractile oval structures (may or may not contain bud)
Yeast
32
Causes: DM, Vaginal Monillasis, immunocompromised individuals
Candida albicans
33
most encountered; STD, vaginal infection, prostate - asymptomatic
T. vaginalis
34
Bladder parasite
S. haematobium
35
pinworm, most common fecal containment
E. vermicularis
36
Significance of spermatozoa
Male infertility, retrograde ejaculation (sperm is expelled into bladder instead of urethra)
37
Major constituent of mucus
Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein)
38
Only found in urine; unique to kidney
Casts
39
Presence of urinary casts
Cylinduria
40
Formed in distal and collecting tubules of kidney
Casts
41
True geometrically structure or amorphous Precipitation of urine solutes
Crystals
42
Artifact that has is highly refractile sphere with dimpled center
Starch
43
Artifact appear as spheres with a cell wall and occasional concentric circles
Pollen grains
44
Artifact that resemble casts; fibers polarized
Fibers/Hair
45
Appear as plant and meat fibers or as brown amorphous material
Fecal contamination
46
Most frequently seen urinary casts
Hyaline casts
47
Cast normally seen in dehydration, heat exposure, emotional stress
Hyaline casts
48
Pathologically increased in acute glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, chronic renal disease, CHF
Hyaline Cast
49
Color of hyaline cast in sternheimer-malbin stain
pink
50
Casts normally seen in people who does extraneous exercise
RBC casts, Hyaline casts
51
RBC casts color under LPF
Orange
52
RBCs degenerates into pigment, granular cast greater stasis in urine
Blood casts/Muddy brown casts
53
Indication: bleeding within the nephron
RBC casts
54
Associated with proteinuria and dysmorphic erythrocytes
Glomerular damage (glomerulonephritis)
55
Embedded in hyaline cast matrix; signifies infection within the nephron
WBC Casts
56
non-bacterial inflammation of WBC casts
Acute interstitial nephritis
57
Bacterial inflammation accompanied by WBC casts
Pyelonephritis
58
Upper UTI WBC cast
no presence of bacteria
59
Lower UTI (Cystitis) wbc casts
presence of bacteria
60
Bacterial casts containing bacilli both bound to the protein matrix
Pyelonephritis
61
Confirmation for bacterial casts
Gram stain
62
Indication of advance tubular obstruction, heavy metal/drug induced toxicity, viral infection, allograft rejection (accompanied by WBC cast)
Epithelial cells cast
63
Associated with Nephrotic syndrome, Tubular necrosis, Diabetes mellitus, crushed injuries
Fatty cast
64
Lipiduria contents
Fatty Casts + Oval fat Bodies + Free fat droplets
65
Casts containing multiple cell types
MIXED CELLULAR CASTS
66
Glomerulonephritis contents in mixed cellular casts:
RBC + WBC casts and/or WBC + RTE cells casts
67
Mixed cellular casts for pyelonephritis
WBC + Bacterial Cells Casts
68
Fragmented with jagged ends; have notches on sides
Waxy casts
69
Indication: extreme urine stasis (chronic renal failure)
Waxy casts
70
Represent as advanced stage of other casts (e.g., hyaline, granular, cellular) that are transformed during urinary stasis
Waxy casts
71
Indication: Destruction (widening) of tubular walls
Broad cast/Renal failure
72
Bile stained with waxy cast is associated with
Tubular necrosis due to viral hepatitis

MTAP 1 FINALS (16 decks)

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