AUBF Urinary Crystals

Question 1

Crystals commonly seen in acidic urine

Answer 1

Uric acid
Amorphous urates
Calcium oxalate (Neutal)

Question 2

Normally seen in alkaline urine

Answer 2

Calcium oxalate (any pH)
Calcium phosphate
Triple phosphate (Ammonium magnesium phosphate)
Ammonium biurate
Calcium carbonate

Question 3

Appearance: Rhombic, Four-sided flat plates (whetstones), wedges, rosettes

Answer 3

Uric acid

Question 4

Uric acid distinguishing feature from cystine crystals

Answer 4

Highly birefringent

Question 5

Pink sediment when refrigerated (Ca, Mg, Na, K)

Answer 5

Amorphous urates

Question 6

Uric acid is Significantly increased in

Answer 6

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Question 7

Crystal: colorless to yellow brown granules

Answer 7

Amorphous urates

Question 8

Macroscopic: orange-pink precipitate (brick-dust)

Answer 8

Amorphous urates

Question 9

Amorphous urates can be convert uric acid with

Answer 9

concentrated HCl

Question 10

Most common calcium oxalate

Answer 10

dihydrate - colorless, octahedral envelope, or as two pyramids joined at their base

Question 11

Oval or dumbbell shaped crystal

seen in ethylene glycol “antifreeze” poisoning

Answer 11

Calcium oxalate: monohydrate

Question 12

Majority of renal calculi is composed of

Answer 12

Calcium oxalate

Question 13

Colorless rectangular shape, present in rosette forms

Answer 13

Calcium phosphate

Question 14

Confused with sulfunamide crystals

Answer 14

Calcium phosphate

Question 15

Appearance: Coffin-lid shape, Prism shape

Answer 15

TRIPLE PHOSPHATE (AMMONIUM MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE)

Question 16

Triple phosphate fern-like form can be induced by addition of

Answer 16

ammonia

Question 17

Appearance: Thorny apples - spicule covered spheres

Answer 17

Ammonium biurate

Question 18

Dissolves at 60 deg C

Answer 18

Ammonium biurate

Question 19

Most often encountered in old specimen

Answer 19

Ammonium biurate

Question 20

Appearance: Small, colorless, dumbbell or spherical shapes

Answer 20

Calcium carbonate

Question 21

Resembles amorphous material - distinguised by addition of acetic acid (formation of gas)

Answer 21

Calcium carbonate

Question 22

Appearance: colorless, hexagonal plates (thick or thin)

Answer 22

Cystine

Question 23

Confirmation for cystine crystals:

Answer 23

Cyanide Nitroprusside Test

Question 24

Metabolic disorder that prevents reabsorption of cystein by renal tubules

Answer 24

Cystinuria

Question 25

Appearance: Rectangular plates with notch on one or more corners

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

Abnormal urinary crystals

Answer 26

CHOLESTEROL RADIOGRAPHIC DYE/ RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST MEDIA SULFONAMIDES LEUCINE TYROSINE CRYSTALS BILIRUBIN

Question 27

Can be seen in: Nephrotic Syndrome in conjuction with Fatty Casts and Oval fat bodies

Answer 27

Cholesterol

Question 28

Appearance: Colorless flat plates, similar to cholesterol crystals

Answer 28

RADIOGRAPHIC DYE/ RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST MEDIA

Question 28

SG: markedly elevated in abnormal urine

Answer 28

RADIOGRAPHIC DYE/ RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST MEDIA

Question 28

Appearance: colorless to yellow brown, needles, rhombics, whetstones, SHEAVES of WHEAT and rosette

Answer 28

Sulfonamides

Question 29

Distinguished from calcium phosphate; Does not dissolved upon addition of dilute acetic acid

Answer 29

sulfonamides;

Question 30

Appearance: Colorless needles (tend to form bundles following refrigeration)

Answer 30

Ampicillin

Question 31

Indication: Precipitation of antibiotics following massive dosage of this penicillin compound without adequate hydration

Answer 31

Ampicillin

Question 32

Appearance: Yellow-brown spheres (concentric circles with radial striations)

Answer 32

LEUCINE

Question 33

Abnormal crystals indication for liver disorder

Answer 33

LEUCINE TYROSINE CRYSTALS BILIRUBIN

Question 34

Appearance: Fine, colorless, to yellow needles (in clumps or rosettes)

Answer 34

TYROSINE CRYSTALS

Question 35

Seen in conjunction with leucine crystals and (+) chemical test for bilirubin

Answer 35

Tyrosine crystals

Question 36

Appearance: Yellow Clump needles, or granules

Answer 36

Bilirubin