Paramyxoviridae Part 1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the function of the attachment spike protein of Paramyxoviruses? A. Mediates fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane of the host B. Attachment of the virus to host cell C. Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity D. B and C
D.
The following are correct about Paramyxoviruses EXCEPT: A. Helically symmetrical nucleocapsid of a “herringbone” shape B. Double-stranded, negative sense RNA genome C. Pleomorphic virions (filamentous or spherical) D. Virions covered with large glycoprotein spikes
B. it is SINGLE-stranded linear negative-sense RNA
The following genera have Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin as their attachment proteins: A. Morbillovirus, Respirovirus, and Avulavirus B. Pneumovirus, Metapneumovirus, and Henipavirus C. Metapneumovirus, Respirovirus and Avulavirus D. Respirovirus, Avulavirus, and Rubulavirus
D.
T or F: Henipaviruses, Pneumoviruses, and Metapneumoviruses have a G protein as their attachment spike protein.
T
The following virus genera can hemagglutinate red blood cells: A. Rubulaviruses and Avulaviruses only B. Rubulaviruses, Avulaviruses and Respiroviruses only C. Rubuloviruses, Avulaviruses, Respiroviruses, and Morbilloviruses only D. All of the above plus Henipaviruses, Pneumoviruses, and Metapneumoviruses.
C. These are all the genera that have Hemagglutinin; Henipa-, Pneumo- and Metapneumo- have the G protein and do not exhibit hemagglutination.
T or F: The fusion protein is present in all genera of Paramyxoviruses, and is dependent upon a low pH for optimal fusion of virus envelope to host cell membrane.
False; It is pH- INDEPENDENT!!!!
Which of the following virulence factors plays a key role in establishment of persistent infection by way of evasion of the host immune response? A. Glycoprotein spike B. Matrix protein C. Fusion protein D. Transcription complex
C. Fusion protein; this results in syncytium formation (cell fusion) and cell-cell spread of viruses that more easily evades immune responses.
Which of the following elicit neutralizing antibody formation? A. Glycoprotein spike B. Matrix protein C. Fusion protein D. Transcription complex E. Both A and C
E. Both the attachment spike protein and the fusion protein elicit neutralizing antibody.
Which of the following are MISMATCHED for Paramyxoviruses? A. Matrix protein: virion release and spread B. Spike protein: induction of protective immunity C. Nucleoprotein: protection of genomic RNA D. Transcriptase complex: L protein, cysteine-rich protein, phosphoprotein E. All of the above are correct
A. Matrix protein helps with virion stability
The inclusion bodies of Paramyxoviruses are of the type: A. Eosinophilic, cytoplasmic B. Eosinophilic, intranuclear C. Basophilic, cytoplasmic D. Both A and B are correct
D. The genus Morbillovirus members all have intranuclear eosinophilic IBs, but the rest of the family has cytoplasmic eosinophilic IBs
Which of the following viruses is implicated in Shipping Fever in cattle? A. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus B. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 C. Mannheimia Hemolytica Virus D. B and C only E. A, B, and C.
B. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 I like to think of it like this: Bovine parainfluenza is to Shipping Fever as Canine parainfluenza is to kennel cough
T or F: Newcastle disease is an Avulavirus that was first discovered in Java, Indonesia, has profound economic impact, and is divided into 5 subtypes based upon differences in its surface antigens.
False! All true except the 5 types (pathotypes) are based upon variations in virulence (non-pathogenic to extremely pathogenic)
T or F: Virulent Newcastle Disease (vND) classification consists of lentogenic strains, mesogenic strains, and velogenic strains.
False! Only mesogenic and velogenic
Which of the following is mismatched for Newcastle Dz: A. Asymptomatic: enteric, pathotype 1 B. Lentogenic: less virulent, respiratory, pathotype 2 C. Mesogenic: Respiratory signs, 25% mortality, decreased egg production, pathotype 3 D. Velogenic neurotropic: Up to 100% mortality, respiratory signs, torticollis, paralysis, GI hemorrhages, pathotype 5 E. Velogenic viscerotropic: up to 100% mortaility, respiratory signs, GI hemorrhages, head/neck edema, greenish diarrhea, pathotype 4
D. Velogenic neurotrophic will have all of these signs EXCEPT GI hemorrhage, which is distinct for the viscerogenic form.
You have a flock of chickens that are suffering from neurological signs, and many have died. You have isolated Newcastle disease on PCR, but now you must determine what level of virulence you are dealing with. You: A. Do immunofluorescence staining of tracheal smears to look for certain types of antibodies. B. Do a CAM inoculation culture, then inject the virus intracranially in neonatal mice, judging virulence by how fast they die. C. Do an intracerebral pathogenicity test on day-old chicks and find that 0.7 or higher is a more virulent strain and less than 0.7 is a less virulent strain D. Look for the presence of a specified amino acid motif at the cleavage site of F protein precursor. E. Either C or D.
E.
T or F: If you want to vaccinate your flock of broilers or layers with oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines for Newcastle disease, you want to make sure they have been previously vaccinated with a live lentogenic strain vaccine.
True.
T or F: Fowlpox and turkey herpesvirus vectored vaccines are one type of vaccine available for Newcastle virus.
True
Which of the following viruses produces conjunctivitis in humans? A. Peste de petits ruminants virus B. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 C. Newcastle Disease Virus D. Human Morbillovirus
C.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5? A. It was originally called CPiV-2, but was found to be antigenically similar to Simian virus-5, so the nomenclature was changed to CPiV-5. B. It is in the genus Morbillovirus C. It is among the pathogens causing the Kennel Cough complex D. It is spread via aerosol microdroplet E. It causes destruction to ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract.
B. It is in the genus Rubulovirus ***Dogs are practically humans, and when we cough so much our faces get really red. Hence, the Rubulo part.
Which of the following are INCORRECT regarding Canine Distemper Virus? A. It is in the genus Morbillovirus B. It can survive in the environment for several weeks if the weather is warm C. At least 10 different lineages have been identified, based on differences in Hemagglutinin gene. D. The virus can infect wild felidae and even pandas E. Infection is usually from droplet inhalation, but transplacental transmission has been reported.
B. It is the opposite! The virus can survive several weeks if the temperature is just above freezing (0-4C) but will not persist in a cool or warm environment once infectious animals have been removed.
T or F: Strains of Canine Distemper Virus vary in their pathogenicity, with strains such as Snyder Hill, A75/17, and R252 being very highly virulent and neurotropic.
True. He seemed to think this was important. I don’t have a good way of memorizing these strains, so hopefully he does not try to throw in weird #s and trick us. :/
The Canine Distemper Virus replicates in the following cells: A. B and T lymphocytes B. Neurons C. Epithelial cells D. Macrophages E. All of the above
E. All of the above.
Which of these is INCORRECT regarding the Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper Virus? A. The virus first replicates in macrophages in the URT and spreads to tonsils and regional LNs B. During primary viremia, the virus circulates in monocytes. C. After primary viremia, it spreads to lymph tissues such as GALT, mesenteric LNs, and Kupffer cells. D. During secondary viremia, the virus is carried by mononuclear cells. E. Hemotogenous spread to target tissues such as CNS and epithelial cells on day 8-9 depends on the humoral and cell-mediated response of the individual animal.
B. During primary viremia, the virus is specifically carried by B and T lymphocytes. Remember, mononuclear cells= Macrophages, monocytes and B and T cells. These are the cells that carry it in secondary viremia (except macrophages bc they stay in tissue)
A dog comes into your clinic with neurological and upper respiratory signs and you are concerned about Canine Distemper Virus. Which of the following titer results will make you the most alarmed? A. Antibody Titer on day 9= 1:400, Day 14= 1:1200 B. Ab titer on day 8= 1:200, day 12= 1:800 C. Ab titer on day 9=1:45, day 14= 1:90 D. Ab titer on day 8=1:94, day 14= 1:290
C. At day 8-9, you should see >1:100 to know the dog is probably going to clear the virus At day 14, if you still see
