Grab Bag of Virus Questions for Final!

Question 1

You are called out to a pig farm to examine a herd in which many members are exhibiting fever, vesicles on the nose, coronary bands, and in the mouth. You take a blood sample and give it to the lab and they look at the isolated virus under the electron microscope and they tell you that the virus is enveloped. You conclude that it is: A. Foot-and Mouth Disease Virus B. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus C. Vesicular Exanthema of Swine D. Classical Swine Fever

Answer 1

B. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. This is a member of family Rhabdoviridae, which all have enveloped virions. Foot-and-Mouth is a member of Picornaviridae which all have non-enveloped virions; Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) is a member of Caliciviridae, which also have non-enveloped virions. ***All of the above are INDISTINGUISHABLE clinically!!!*** Classical Swine Fever is a member of Flaviviridae and has non-enveloped virions, and also the clinical signs don’t match up.

Question 2

Tremoviruses are classified under the family:

A. Rhabdoviridae

B. Flaviviridae

C. Bornaviridae

D. Picornaviridae

E. Paramyxoviridae

Answer 2

D. Picornaviridae

Tremovirus causes Avian Encephalymyelitis AKA Epidemic Tremor

***The farmer lost his cornfields in the earthquake

Question 3

You are called out to a pig farm to examine a herd in which many members are exhibiting fever, vesicles on the nose, coronary bands, and in the mouth. You decide to be smart and necropsy one of the dead ones and you see the characteristic “Tiger heart.” You conclude that it is:

A. Foot-and Mouth Disease Virus B. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus C. Vesicular Exanthema of Swine D. Classical Swine Fever

Answer 3

A. Foot-and-Mouth disease

***This guy if he gets too passionate he will put his foot in his mouth and make a fool of himself! Haha

Question 4

In which of the following diseases, if you suspect it, might it be MOST important for you to submit your samples to the lab in a buffered solution?

A. Lyssavirus

B. Flavivirus

C. Pestivirus

D. Apthovirus

E. Avulavirus

Answer 4

D. Apthovirus

Remember, Foot-and-Mouth Disease is the only Apthovirus we talked about, and it is stable in a neutral pH; Other viruses in the family Picornaviridae will vary in their stability in different pH ranges, though.

Question 5

T or F:

Usually birds affected with Newcastle Disease are destroyed, but if not and they survive infection, they may develop cataract, a blue opacity of the lens, and CNS deficiencies.

Answer 5

False

This is the case for TREMOVIRUS

(Avian Encephalomyelopathy AKA Epidemic Tremor)

Question 6

T or F:

Family Rhabdoviridae contains the genus Vesivirus and Caliciviridae contains the genus Vesiculovirus.

Answer 6

False!

Rhabdoviridae=Vesiculovirus

Calicivirus= Vesivirus

***The way I’m remembering it is Rhabdoviridae is associated with much worse viruses like RABIES, and Vesiculo is a longer word so it goes with the worse virus. Hey, you gotta remember it somehow!

Question 7

Which of the following species would it be LEAST appropriate to perform a Negri body test of brain tissue on for Rabies virus?

A. Dog

B. Human

C. Horse

D. Cattle

E. Raccoon

Answer 7

E. Raccoon

Negri bodies will only be demonstrated in 75% of human cases, and for wildlife it is less, so it is reasonable to think this would not be an appropriate test for a wild animal.

Question 8

What is the virus in which long-distance spread via wind and international import/export of animals are concerns?

A. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus-3

B. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

C. Equine Influenza Virus

D. Canine Influenza Virus

E. A,B, and C

Answer 8

B. FMD only

Others may be aerosol, but he didn’t talk about evidence of long-distance spread thru the wind

Question 9

T or F:

A classic lesion seen on necropsy of animals that have died of Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a “zebra striped” large intestine

Answer 9

False!

Tiger Heart is the lesion

It is focal necrosis of the myocardium which often causes an irregular

Question 11

Which of the following reportable diseases has to be reported to the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) in addition to national notification requirements?

A. Newcastle Disease

B. Foot-and-Mouth Disease

C. Avian Influenza

D. Swine Influenza

E. Scrapie

Answer 11

C. Avian Influenza

I don’t even think Swine Flu is reportable

Question 12

In which of the following diseases is sudden death from damage to the myocardium in swine sometimes seen?

A. Foot-and-Mouth Disease

B. Encephalomyocarditis

C. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

D. Vesicular Exanthema of Swine

E. All of the above

F. A and B

Answer 12

F. A and B

FMD causes focal necrosis of the myocardium manifested as “Tiger Heart”

Encephalomyocarditis, also in the family Picornaviridae, causes MULTIFOCAL necrosis of the myocardium. Both can cause sudden death

Question 13

Which of the following diseases were stressed as having no gross lesions of the brain on necropsy?

A. Lyssavirus

B. Tremovirus

C. Prion diseases

D. Alphavirus

E. A and B only

F. A, B, and C.

Answer 13

Rabies- NO gross lesions!

Avian Encephalomyopathy- No gross lesions!

Prion dz- No!

*Functional rather than structural damage!

EEE, WEE, VEE have been known to cause cerebral hemorrhage which can be seen grossly; he stressed the above 3 diseases

Question 14

Peyer’s Patch necrosis and hemorrhage, ulceration and erosion of mucosal surfaces throughout the body, as well as runny nose and dull coat are signs of what virus specifically?

A. Avulavirus, velogenic visceral form

B. Pestivirus, acute mucosal form

C. Pestivirus, chronic mucosal form

D. Coronavirus group 1b

Answer 14

B. This is the acute mucosal form of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, seen in persistently infected calves who acquired the infection in-utero during months 2-4 of gestation

Question 15

Which virus is known to survive YEARS in frozen meat?

A. Infectious Prions

B. Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)

C. Swine Influenza Virus

D. Newcastle Disease

E. None of the above

Answer 15

B.

Classical Swine Fever

This is why part of the control for this disease is to not feed pigs meat of other pigs (swill?), even if it has been frozen

Although prions could be an issue here, they are NOT viruses!

Same issues here though- we DO NOT want to feed animals meat from other animals of the same species because of prion disease.

Question 16

In which of the following viruses will you find animals exhibiting a characteristic “star gazing”?

A. Apthovirus

B. Pestivirus

C. Alphavirus

D. Flavivirus

E. Lyssavirus

Answer 16

B. Pestivirus

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

will see “stargazing” in congenitally defective calves that were infected in-utero in the middle to late stages of gestation

Question 17

A classical necropsy finding of “turkey egg” kidneys is found in which disease?

A. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

B. Foot-and-Mouth Disease

C. Classical Swine Fever

D. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Answer 17

C. Classical Swine Fever

There are a wide array of clinical features of this disease, such as the Turkey egg kidney, goose-stepping gait, Button ulcers in the colon, diarrhea, abortion, stillbirths, and purplish blotchy discoloration of the skin

Question 19

You are called out to a poultry farm to investigate an outbreak of disease that is causing severe clinical signs ranging from neurological disturbances, petechial hemorrhages, cyanotic combs and wattles, green diarrhea to bloody nasal discharge. Mortality is high. What is the most likely viral etiology, and do you report it?

A. Avulavirus, velogenic visceral form; yes

B. Tremovirus; No

C. Avian Influenza HPNAI form; yes

D. Avibirnavirus; no

Answer 19

C. Avian influenza HPNAI (Highly Pathogenic Notifiable Avian Influenza) has a wide array of clinical signs and has high mortality in a flock.

Although Avulavirus (Newcastle Disease) has a high mortality for the velogenic visceral form and has neurological signs, the petechial hemorrhages and green diarrhea are more seen with Avian Flu; Yes report Newcastle!!!

Question 20

Which of the following viruses will present with characeristic sudden onset, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, gas, and malabsorption manifested as clots of undigested milk in feces of piglets?

A. Apthovirus

B. Influenza A H1N1

C. Coronavirus

D. Astrovirus

Answer 20

C.

Transmissible Gastroenteritis in pigs is the name of the disease

Question 21

Of which genus is the disease Avian Infectious Bronchitis?

A. Herpesvirus

B. Influenza A

C. Coronavirus

D. Avibirnavirus

E. Avulavirus

Answer 21

C.

Question 22

T/F:

Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV) has high tropism for enterocytes but not for macrophages. If FECV undergoes mutations in an infected cat that cause it to become the highly virulent form, Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIPV), it will lose its tropism for enterocytes and gain affinity for macrophages.

Answer 22

True!

Question 23

You are called out to a cattle farm, where there have been a few sporadic deaths over the past few years, but the farmer is concerned because many of his cows seem to have bulges under their jaws and lower down on the front of their necks. One actually just died suddenly the other day and the farmer saved him for you to do a necropsy on, and you find splenic hemorrhage and tumors in several organs. What do you do?

A. Get scared that you just did a necropsy on a cow that suddenly dropped dead- it could be Anthrax!

B. You would want to do serological testing to be sure, but you think it is Enzootic Bovine Leukosis.

C. You want to do serological tests to be sure, but you are suspecting the re-emergence of Rinderpest.

D. This could be a prion disease because of the very sporadic deaths suggesting a long incubation period. You are going to have to do some histology of brain tissue.

E. You don’t have to do anything to know that this is obviously Bovine Ephemeral Fever!

Answer 23

B.

Sporadic deaths indicate a long incubation period perhaps, and perhaps a long-standing disease that causes cancer because the organs were riddled with tumors…hmmm how bout a Retrovirus?

You are NOT worried about Anthrax because lots of animals would be dropping dead, and they would probably have epistaxis too.

Question 24

You are called out to a pig farm which has had many of their piglets that have just come from the nursery come down with pneumonia, bluish coloration to their ears, red discoloration of body. Many are not gaining weight and some are even losing significant weight. You examine one of the piglets and hear a “thumping” respiratory pattern. What virus is most likely the culprit?

A. You are suspecting Swine Influenza

B. You are suspecting Classical Swine Fever

C. You are suspecting Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome

D. You are suspecting Porcine Respiratory Corona Virus

Answer 24

C. PRRS

Characteristics to look for are the “thumping” respiratory pattern, blue ears and red body (these can also be Classical Swine Fever)

and the pneumonia being the main sign WITHOUT neuro signs

Question 25

You are called out to a pig farm which has had many of their piglets that have just come from the nursery exhibiting bluish coloration to their ears, red discoloration of body, as well as respiratory and neurological signs. Several have died. You see a few piglets “goose-stepping” as you approach. You do a necropsy and see the hallmark “turkey egg” kidneys and “button ulcers” on the colon. What is it, and do you report it?

A. Swine Influenza; no

B. Classical Swine Fever; yes

C. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; no

D. Encephalomyocarditis, no

Answer 25

B.

It is similar to PRRS in that young pigs will have the red skin and blue ears, but different in most other ways.

Question 26

Joest-Degen Bodies are distinct inclusion bodies that are pathognomonic for which virus?

A. Birnavirus

B. Bornavirus

C. Avulavirus

D. Apthovirus

E. Alphavirus

Answer 26

B

Question 27

T/F:

The main differences between Rotavirus and Astrovirus is that Astrovirus causes more severe enteritis and that Rotavirus has double-stranded RNA but Astrovirus has single-stranded.

Answer 27

False

Rota= more severe

Astro= mild, self-limiting