PARA TISSUE NEMA Flashcards
Pathologic Agent that causes serous cavity filariasis in the abdomen
Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella perstans
Filarial worms that live in the subcutaneous
fat under the skin
Loa loa
Mansonella streptocerca
Onchocerca volvulus
Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the ff. pathologic agents
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Filariasis is transmitted mainly by
mosquitoes and black flies
second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability, affecting both physical and
psychological aspects of the victim
Lymphatic Filariasis
The two most common mosquito-borne
causative agents of LF
Wuchereria bancrofti or Bancroft’s filarial worm
Brugia malayi or the Malayan filarial worm
Color of adult Wuchereria worms
Creamy White
Microfilariae
in fresh specimens appear as ___________________ organisms constantly moving among the red
blood cells
minute snake-like
serve as an important identifying feature of microfilaria
dark-staining nuclei
Mosquito vectors of Wuchereria
Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles
How many days before the 3rd stage larvae of Wuchereria force their way out of the muscles, and migrate towards the mosquito’s head and proboscis
6-20 days
Mosquito vectors
of B. malayi
Mansonia
Development of the B. malayi microfilariae to the
infective stage in the mosquito takes about ______________________
2 weeks
Maturation time for the 3rd stage of B. malayi larvae to become adults takes about __________________
3 to 9 months
This syndrome is characterized by
clinical and immunologic hyper-responsiveness
to the mature or maturing worms
“Expatriate Syndrome”
Bacteria symbiote of W. bancrofti and B. malayi
Wolbachia
The asymptomatic
stage may also be seen in those individuals who
are called “______________________,” who harbor in
their blood the parasite antigen instead of the
microfilariae.
endemic normals
is the most common acute manifestation of LF, defined as localized pain,
lymphadenitis and/or lymphangitis and/or
cellulitis and local warmth, with or without
systemic manifestations of fever, nausea, and
vomiting.
acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA)
The bacteria most frequently
associated with ADLA episodes
Group A
Streptococcus
The most common chronic manifestation
of LF which on progression
leads to elephantiasis
lymphedema
is a common chronic
disease manifestation of Bancroftian filariasis
since W. bancrofti worms have been shown
ultrasonographically to prefer localization in
scrotal lymphatics
Hydrocele
Rupture of lymphatics in the kidney may produce ___________
chyluria
a classic example of occult filariasis in which the
typical clinical manifestations are not present,
and microfilaria are not found in the blood but
may be found in the tissues
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)
a rare manifestation directly caused
by adult worms that died spontaneously, or
commonly observed following treatment
with diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
acute filarial lymphangitis
Brugia spp that rarely presents hydroceles
Brugia malayi
In cases of low intensity of microfilariae infections,
filtration using a _____________________ for concentration may be used
nucleopore filter or the Knott’s method
preferred method of filarial infections since it also detects
latent infections
Detection of circulating filarial antigens (CFA)
drug of choice for
the treatment of lymphatic filariasis since its discovery in 1948
DEC (diethylcarbamazine )
Characteristic of B. malayi termninal nuclei that is not present in W. bancrofti
2 nuclei, which bulge the cuticle, conspicuously placed
Characteristic of B. malayi Sheath color in giemsa that different in W. bancrofti
B. malayi- Pink
W. bancrofti- Unstained
Characteristic of B. malayi Appearance in blood film that different in W. bancrofti
B. malayi- Kinky
W. bancrofti- Smoothly curved
antibiotic for the Wolbachia endosymbiont of W. bancrofti
Doxycycline
Major vector of LF in urban areas
Culex
Major vector of LF in rural areas
Anopheles
Major vector of LF in pacific regions
Aedes
how many provinces in the Philippines is endemic to LF
45 provinces
vector which breeds in water accumulated in the axils of abaca and banana
plants, is the mosquito vector in most provinces
of the Philippines
Aedes poecilus
vector of W. bancrofti
in Sulu and Palawan
Anopheles minimus var.
flavirostris
The Brugia malayi mosquito vectors
are ______________ which breeds in freshwater swamps, and ___________________ which breeds in rice fields
Mansonia bonnae
Mansonia uniformis
AKA the rat lungworm
Parastrongylus cantonensi
The nematode, which normally lives in rat lungs, has been known to cause
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in man
Parastrongylus cantonensis
P. cantonensis arrangement is usually described as the “________________” pattern
barber’s pole
definitive hosts of P. cantonensis.
Rats
infective stage of P. cantonensis for the molluscan intermediate host
first stage larva
known intermediate host of snails
Giant African Snails
In the mollusk, the P. cantonensis larva eventually develops into
the 3rd larval stage in about ____________
12 days
_________________ demonstrated to
effectively treat parastrongyliasis in China, Taiwan, and Thailand
mebendazole
and albendazole
the most important cause
of trichinellosis in humans, and is the species
that is most adapted to domestic and wild
pigs.
Trichinella spiralis
the most widely distributed species of Trichenella among
wild animals in Asia, Europe, Northern
Africa, and Western Africa, although it can
also infect domestic pigs
Trichenella britovi
2nd most common Trichinella species affecting humans
T. britovi
The most definitive diagnostic examination
is the demonstration of the trichinella larva through _______________________
muscle biopsy
Diagnostic stage of trichinella larva
encysted larva in straited muscle
For T. spiralis it is recommended that meat be cooked at a minimum of _______________________.
77°C (170°F)
sheated filarial worm
Brugia malayi and timor
Wucheria
Loa loa
Anisakis spp diagnostic stage
gastroscopic examination of blood
It is strongly recommended that _______________________________ be done early to avoid invasion of
the gastric submucosa.
endoscopic
removal
a zoonotic disease which may
present as a public health problem with
stray dogs and cats common in urban areas. The
disease is caused by larvae of Toxocara canis and
Toxocara cati, roundworms found in dogs
Toxocariasis
Toxocara canis completes its life cycle in ____________
dogs
Visceral toxocariasis can be treated with
antiparasitic drugs such as _________________
albendazole
or
mebendazole
Trichenillosis treatment of choice
Mebendazole
