BACTE LEC HACEK Flashcards
The term Haemophilus is greek word which means ________________
Blood Loving
Haemophilus requires preformed factors in the blood which are:
X factor
V factor
Preformed factor in the blood that is the only readily available
X factor/ Hemin
Preformed factor in the blood that is not readily available and requires exogenous sources
V factor/ NADP
In terms of oxygen requirement Haemophilus are __________________________
facultative anaerobes, but prefers to be capnophilic
_____________ agar is not suitable for Haemophilus
Sheep Blood Agar
_____________ agar can be used for Haemophilus, but is not well maintained in the laboratory
Horse or Rabbit Blood Agar
preferred isolation medium of Haemophilus
Chocolate Agar
Chocolate agar release ________ and inactivates ___________
Hematin (X factor), NADase
Synthetic CA is can be used and contains:
NAD, Iron, Vit B12, Thiamine, magnesium, glucose, cysteine, and glutamine
released in the degradation of the product of hemoglobin
X factor
X factor is heat ______
stable
Also known as NAD or COENZYME 1
V Factor
V factor is produced by:
- Some bacteria (S. aureus)
- Yeast
- Potato & yeast extract
V factor is heat ______
labile
Test based on the ability of the organism to convert the substrate Delta- aminolevulenic acid (ALA) into porphyrins or porphobilinogen
Porphyrin (D-ALA) Test
Porphyrin (D-ALA) Test medium used
Porphyrin Broth Medium
Porphyrin (D-ALA) Test Substrate
Delta- aminolevulenic acid (ALA)
Porphyrin (D-ALA) Test reagent
PDAB
Porphyrin (D-ALA) Test result for porphobilinogen positive
RED COLOR after PDAB
Porphyrin (D-ALA) Test result for porphyrin positive
REDDISH ORANGE at 360nm UV
Test used for the differentiation of Haemophilus spp.
X and V factor Test
X and V factor Test medium used
Mueller Hinton Agar/ Brain Heart Infusion Agar
X and V factor Test reagent
X and V factor impregnated in disks
X and V factor Test result for organisms that need X factor to Grow
Growth in X and XV factor disks
X and V factor Test result for organisms that need V factor to Grow
Growth in V and XV factor disks
X and V factor Test result for organisms that need X & V factor to Grow
Growth in XV factor disks only
H. influenzae Biochem test results
XV (Growth)
ALA test (-)
Haemolysis (-)
H. aegypticus Biochem test results
XV (Growth)
ALA test (-)
Haemolysis (-)
H. parainfluenzae Biochem test results
V (Growth)
ALA test (+)
Haemolysis (-)
H. haemolyticus Biochem test results
XV (Growth)
ALA test (-)
Haemolysis(+)
H. parahaemolyticus Biochem test results
V (Growth)
ALA test (+)
Haemolysis (+)
H. influenzae is also known as the ___________
Pfeiffers Bacillus
H. influenzae virulence factors
- CAPSULE
- IgA PROTEASE
- FIMBRIAE
- LPS and Other Membrane Proteins
- BETA- LACTAMASE Production
The main cause of meningitis in children <5 years old
H. influenzae
Main cause of Pink Eye Conjunctivitis
Haemophilus aegypticus
Haemophilus aegypticus is also known as _______________
Koch’s Week’s Bacillus
Main cause of STI- Soft chancre
Haemophilus ducreyi
has an appearance of schools of fish/ raid road tracks on gram staining
Haemophilus ducreyi
Odor of H. influenzae
Mousy or bleach-like odor
Haemophilus spp. that is a true pathogen
Haemophilus ducreyi
characterized as small, pleomorphic, non-motile, Gram negative Coccobacilli, that are facultative anaerobes, which require X and V factor to grow
Haemophilus spp.
Haemophilus spp. that is normally a part of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract
H. influenzae, and others such as H. parainfluenzae, H. parahaemolyticus
Haemophilus spp. that is not a part of the normal human microbiota, only found in humans during infection
Haemophilus ducreyi
Two patterns of H. influenzae disease
Invasive Disease
Localized Infection
this is usually caused by encapsulated strains of Haemophilus spp. causing septicemia, meningitis, arthritis, and pneumonia
Invasive Disease
this is usually caused by Non typable Haemophilus influenzae, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, otitis media
Localized infection
Heamophilus serotype that is likely to cause invasive disease
Serotype B
Haemophilus ducreyi incubation time
4-14 days
Haemophilus ducreyi most common sites
penis or labia
Haemophilus found in the oral cavity, and is the rare cause of ENDOCARDITIS
H. parainfluenzae
H. parainfluenzae primary site of infection
Mitral Valve
Selective agent for H. aegypticus to be added in CHOC
1% IsoVitale
Preferred growth media of H. ducreyi
Nairobi Biplate
H. aegypticus must be incubated/ isolated for _____ days
7 Days
H. ducreyi must be incubated/ isolated for _____ days
4 Days
HACEK stands for
Haemophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
Most prevalent HACEK species causing endocarditis
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
causative agent for periodontitis
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Aggregatibacter that appears raised, convex, granular, yellowish
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
Aggregatibacter that appears to have star shaped colonies
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
HACEK that infects the aortic valve
Cardiobacterium hominis
HACEK spp. that may pit the agar, and presents a rosette formation in microscopy
Cardiobacterium hominis
Least common HACEK, causes mixed infection from bites and clenched fist wound
Eikenella corrodens
Eikenella corrodens is also known as the _____________
Corroding Bacilli
HACEK isolated form degenerative joints and bone infection in children <3 years old
Kingella kingae
HACEK that presents a sharp odor of bleach
Eikenella corrodens
HACEK that has the tendency to resist decolourization
Kingella kingae
HACEK Bacteria that is:
Cat (-)
Oxidase (V)
Glucose (+)
Maltose (+)
Sucrose (+)
Lactose (+)
A. aphrophilus
HACEK Bacteria that is:
Cat (+)
Oxidase (V)
Glucose (+)
Maltose (+)
Sucrose (-)
Lactose (-)
A. actinomycetemcomitans
HACEK Bacteria that is:
Cat (-)
Oxidase (+)
Glucose (+)
Maltose (+)
Sucrose (+)
Lactose (-)
Cardiobacterium hominis
HACEK Bacteria that is:
Cat (-)
Oxidase (+)
Glucose (-)
Maltose (-)
Sucrose (-)
Lactose (-)
Eikenella corrodens
HACEK Bacteria that is:
Cat (-)
Oxidase (+)
Glucose (+)
Maltose (+)
Sucrose (-)
Lactose (-)
Kingella kingae
