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HISTO LAB HISTOTECH Flashcards

1
Q

preparation of tissue slices or “sections” that can be examined visually with transmitted light

A

HISTOTECHNIQUE

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2
Q

Goal of HISTOTECHNIQUE

A

The tissue of the slices must have the same structural features as it had in the body

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3
Q

Accessioning involves the ff.

A

Specimen Receiving
Fixative
Labeling

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4
Q

The container must be _______________________________ in order to be used for HISTOTECHNIQUE

A

Large enough to hold the specimen without distortion

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5
Q

Fixative Ratio

A

1:20 (specimen- fixative)

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6
Q

Label for samples must have the ff.

A
  • Hospital, registration, or case number
  • Type or source of specimen
  • Date and time of collection
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7
Q

Histopathology Requisition Form must have the following information:

A
  • Patient details
  • Specimen details
  • Clinical or differential diagnosis
  • Brief clinical history
  • Surgical operations done
  • Other pertinent information
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8
Q

Usually done by the pathologist, and involves cutting small sections and placed in a plastic cassette

A

GROSS EXAMINATION

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9
Q

TISSUE PROCESSING PROCESS

A
  1. FIXATION
    1.5 DECALCIFICATION
  2. DEHYDRATION
  3. CLEARING
  4. INFILTRATION/ IMPREGNATION
  5. EMBEDDING
  6. SECTIONING
  7. DEPARAFFINIZATION
  8. STAINING
  9. MOUNTING
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10
Q

tissue specimen is placed in solutions of chemicals that cross link proteins and inactivate degradative enzymes

A

FIXATION

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11
Q

Preserve tissue structure, prevent degeneration and autolysis

A

FIXATION

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12
Q

Duration for FIXATION

A

12-72 hours
2-4 hours for very small samples

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13
Q

2 types of Fixatives

A

Aldehydes and Alcohols

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14
Q

Types of Aldehyde preservative

A
  • Buffered isotonic 37% Formaldehyde
  • Glutaraldehyde
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15
Q

Fixative used for electron microscopy

A

Glutaraldehyde

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16
Q

Fixatives for cytologic smears

A

Alcohols (Methanol, Ethanol)

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17
Q

an optional procedure after fixation, involves the removal of calcium ions from the bone

A

DECALCIFICATION

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18
Q

Makes the bone soft and easy to cut

A

DECALCIFICATION

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19
Q

Types of Decalcifying Agents

A
  • Strong Mineral Acid
  • Weak Mineral Acid
  • Chelating Agents
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20
Q

Examples for Strong Mineral Acid

A
  • Nitric acid
  • Hydrochloric acid
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21
Q

Examples for Weak Mineral Acid

A
  • Formic Acid
  • Trichloroacetic acid
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22
Q

Examples for Chelating Agents

A

EDTA

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23
Q

Duration for DECALCIFYING AGENTS

A

Days to Weeks

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24
Q

Most common Decalcifying Agent

A

NITRIC ACID

25
Q

Process where water is extracted gradually by transfers through a series of increasing ETHANOL solutions, ending in 100% ethanol

A

DEHYDRATION

26
Q

Dehydration is done in increasing concentration to avoid ______________________

A

Tissue Distortion

27
Q

Progress of concentration in DEHYDRATION

A

70%-90%-100%

28
Q

Chemical used for removing water in the tissue in Dehydration

29
Q

The process where the ethanol is replaced by an organic solvent miscible with both alcohol and the embedding medium

30
Q

CLEARING gives the tissue a _______________ appearance

A

translucent

31
Q

Example of Clearing Agents

A

Xylene and Toluene

32
Q

most common clearing agent

33
Q

The process where the tissue is placed in melted paraffin wax in an oven

A

INFILTRATION/ IMPREGNATION

34
Q

evaporates the clearing agent, and promote infiltration of paraffin to the tissue cavities

A

INFILTRATION/ IMPREGNATION

35
Q

example for Automated Processing Mediums

A
  • Tissue transfer machine (ROTARY TYPE)
  • Fluid transfer machine (VACUUM TYPE)
36
Q

The process where the specimen is placed in mold then filled with melted paraffin wax

37
Q

EMBEDDING is also known as

A

Casting or Blocking

38
Q

Ensures proper orientation of the specimen, as the mold is cooled to promote solidification

39
Q

The process where the block is placed in a Microtome for cutting

A

SECTIONING

40
Q

Cutting block used for cutting blocked tissues

41
Q

thickness for light microscopy

42
Q

thickness for electron microscopy

43
Q

used to remove the wrinkles of the paraffin ribbon

A

Hot water bath

44
Q

Involves the removal of the paraffin from the slide, and allows the tissue to adhere to the slide properly

A

DEPARAFFINIZATION

45
Q

Allows the tissue to successfully interact with the stain

A

DEPARAFFINIZATION

46
Q

incomplete removal of the paraffin in DEPARAFFINIZATION may affect the ___________________

47
Q

CHEMICALS for Deparaffinization

A

Xylene (for reverse of dehydration and clearing), PHAD (Projected Hot Air Deparaffinization)

48
Q

Used to highlight the important features of the tissue as well as to enhance the tissue contrast

49
Q

anionic or negative charged tissue

A

BASOPHILIC

50
Q

cationic or positive charged tissue

A

ACIDOPHILIC

51
Q

STAINS used for staining tissues

A
  • Hematoxylin and Eosin
  • Periodic Acid Schiff
  • Sudan- Black
  • Metal Impregnation
52
Q

Most common tissue stain

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

53
Q

stain for highlighting glycogen and mucin

A

Periodic Acid Schiff

54
Q

stain for highlighting LIPIDS

A

Sudan- Black

55
Q

used for staining neuronal tissue

A

Metal Impregnation

56
Q

metals used in Metal Impregnation

A

Silver and Gold

57
Q

The process which involves the placement of a protective glass coverslip on the slide with clear adhesive

58
Q

most common mounting agent

A

Mayer’s Egg Albumin

2A MIDTERMS (20 decks)

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