PAPER 3 - Gender Flashcards
What is the definition of SEX ?
the BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE between male and female including chromosomes, hormones and anatomy
What are the MALE chromosomes ?
XY
What are the FEMALE chromosomes ?
XX
What is the definition of GENDER ?
PSYCHOLOGICAL and CULTURAL difference between male and females including attitudes, behaviour and social roles
What influences gender ?
social norms and cultural expectations (ENVIRONMENT)
What is INTERSEX ?
child is inadvertently exposed to HORMONAL IMBALANCES in the womb
- genitals appear neither obviously male or female
How many people experience intersex ?
1 in 2000 babies are born with some level of intersex
What is the definition of SEX-ROLE STEREOTYPES ?
a set of beliefs and PRECONCEIVED IDEAS about what is expected for males and females in a GIVEN SOCIETY
Give an example of a sex-role stereotype with no basis
women love shopping and men hate it
Give an example of a sex-role stereotype that is backed by biology
women are better at multi-tasking
What is the definition of ANDROGYNY ?
displaying a BALANCE of masculine and feminine CHARACTERISTICS in one’s personality
(someone who cannot be identified as male or female)
What is the BSRI ?
the first SYSTEMATIC attempt to measure androgyny using a rating scale of 60 traits
What are the STRENGTHS of the BSRI ?
- VALIDITY
- RELIABILITY
- PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
What are the WEAKNESSES of the BSRI ?
- CULTURAL ISSUES
- TEMPORAL VALIDITY
- ETHNOCENTRIC
What is the definition of CHROMOSOMES ?
they are found in the NUCLEUS of living cells and CARRY INFORMATION in the form of GENES; the 23rd pair = biological sex
What are chromosomes made of ?
DNA - genes are short sections of DNA
What is the definition of HORMONES ?
a CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE circulated in the blood that controls and REGULATES the activity of certain cells and organs
What is the definition of TESTOSTERONE ?
a hormone from the ANDROGEN group that is produced mainly in the MALE TESTES
What is the definition of OESTROGEN ?
the primary female hormone, which plays an important role on the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
What is the definition of OXYTOCIN ?
a hormone, which causes the UTERUS TO CONTRACT during labour and stimulates LACTATION
What are the STRENGTHS of the role of chromosomes and hormones ?
- SUPPORT RESEARCH (Dr. Money)
- SUPPORT RESEARCH (Van Goozen)
- SUPPORT RESEARCH (Dabbs)
What are the WEAKNESSES of the role of chromosomes and hormones ?
- CONFLICTING EVIDENCE (Tricker)
- CONFLICTING EVIDENCE (Maccoby & Jacklin)
- POPULATION VALIDITY
What is the definition of ATYPICAL SEX CHROMOSOME ?
any sex chromosome pattern that DEVIATES from the usual XX or XY formation