PAPER 1 - Psychopathology Flashcards
What are the five characteristics of FFA ?
observer discomfort unpredictability irrationality maladaptiveness personal suffering and distress
What are the six characteristics of ideal mental health ?
APEARS
AUTONOMY - being independent
POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS ONESELF
ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY - adapting to situations
ACCURATE PERCEPTION OF REALITY
RESISTING STRESS - having coping strategies
SELF-ACTUALISATION - personal growth
What are the behavioural characteristics of PHOBIAS ?
PEA
- panic
- endurance
- avoidance
What are the emotional characteristics of PHOBIAS ?
A
- anxiety
What are the cognitive characteristics of PHOBIAS ?
CIS
- cognitive distortions
- irrational beliefs
- selective attention
What are the key points about the BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH for PHOBIAS ?
- phobias are learnt
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
What is CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ?
- associating something we don’t have a fear of (NS) with something we already have a fear of (UD)
What is OPERANT CONDITIONING ?
- how phobias are maintained
- consequences lead to reinforcement
What are 2 STRENGTHS of the behavioural approach of phobias ?
- RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Watson and rayner - baby Albert - loud noise + rats
- RESEARCH EVIDENCE - DiNardo et al - relate fears to a particular frightening experience
What are 2 WEAKNESSES of the behavioural approach of phobias ?
- EVOLUTIONARY FACTORS - scared of things that were threats to ancestors - suggests there is more to phobias than conditioning
- SIMPLISTIC EXPLANATION - ignores cognitive factors - phobias are complex
What is SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION ?
- treatment for phobias
- phobias being ‘unlearnt’
What are the three stages to SD ?
- ANXIETY HIERARCHY - most feared to least fear situation
- RELAXATION - taught by a therapist - deep breathing
- EXPOSURE - vivo or vitro
What are two STRENGTHS of SD ?
EFFECTIVENESS:
- research shows SD group were less fearful
APPROPRIATENESS:
- individuals are taking an active role - suits wide range of people
What are two WEAKNESSES of SD ?
EFFECTIVENESS:
- anxiety is still present - may move to another phobia - - not a long term solution
APPROPRIATENESS:
- not suitable for all phobias - e.g. fear of the dark
What is FLOODING ?
- similar to SD
- done in one long sessions
- reciprocal inhibition
- continues until patient is relaxed
What are two STRENGTHS of FLOODING ?
EFFECTIVENESS:
- works on wide range of phobias
- has long lasting effects
APPROPRIATENESS;
- quick
- only takes one session
- cost effective
What are two WEAKNESSES of FLOODING ?
EFFECTIVENESS:
- only likely to work for specific phobias
- social phobias are harder to ‘flood’
APPROPRIATENESS:
- can be traumatic
- you have wasted time and money
What are the behavioural characteristics of DEPRESSION ?
SAA
- sleep and eating behaviour
- aggression and self harm
- activity level
What are the emotional characteristics of DEPRESSION ?
LLA
- lowered self-esteem
- lowered mood
- anger
What are the cognitive characteristics of DEPRESSION ?
PAA
- poor concentration
- absolutist thinking
- attending to and dwelling on the negative