Paper 2 - The UK’s Evolving HUMAN Landscape Flashcards
population density
the average number of people in a given area expressed as people per km2
-> it’s obtained by dividing population by area
urban core
an urban area of more than 10,000 people
Why does population density vary throughout the uk
- better job opportunities
-> people migrate to these cities - spend money on housing, services, goods - this creates more
jobs, creating the multiplier effect - cities merge with towns into conurbations (towns and cities combine)
-> begin to influence a wider area e.g. the region where people commute to work - people earn money, take it home, spend it locally to boost wider regions economies
how is the population of the UK increasing?
- higher fertility rate of overseas born women (higher fertility rates - religion)
- immigration (coming to live permanently in a foreign country)
immigration
The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
emigration
the activity of leaving one’s own country to set up permanently in another; moving abroad
rural periphery
areas away from the urban core
negatives if rural periphery
- travel for jobs - lack of well paid jobs (seasonal jobs) -> lower income
- lack of services
- lack of public transport
what is our names rural periphery
‘Allerdale’
How do the UK government and the EU make rural peripheries more attractive?
- regional development grants:
-> most in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales
-> they include grants and advice to help businesses start up
-> most are targeted at peripheral areas, but funds are small
-> investors have to raise 5.5 times the amount of any government grant - former EU grants
-> these are funds to help the poorest regions of the EU whose GDP is below 75% of the EU
average
-> in 2015, only Cornwall and west and north Wales qualified - enterprise zones
-> UK government offers companies help with startup costs, reduced taxes on profits, and access
to superfast broadband - most are in urban locations, and are all in England - improvements to transport
-> neither Cornwall, north Wales nor the Scottish Highlands have any motorways
-> most transport investment is taking place in England’s urban core (e.g. the HS2) -> cuts in
government budgets have reduced spending on transport elsewhere.
-> Scotland’s government has invested in a new Borders Railway between Edinburgh and
Tweedbank, the A9 is to be dual-carriageway between Perth and Inverness
primary production
this involves acquiring raw materials. For example, metals and coal have to be mined, oil drilled from the ground, rubber tapped from trees, foodstuffs farmed and fish trawled.
secondary production
this is the manufacturing and assembly process. It involves converting raw materials into components, for example, making plastics from oil. It also involves assembling the product, eg building houses, bridges and roads
tertiary production
this refers to the commercial services that support the production and distribution process, eg insurance, transport, advertising, warehousing and other services such as teaching and health care
what is the reasons for the change in employment sectors
- Industrial Revolution
- coal decline (cheaper to get it from foreign country)
-> cheap labour overseas - advancement in technology
-rural to urban migration - higher earning jobs in the city
how has a higher birth rate been caused in UK
- more women in their 20’s choosing to have children earlier
- more women at older ages choosing to have more children
- increasing number of overseas-born women who have higher fertility rates than UK-born women (religion)
