Paper 1 - Musculoskeletal Systems Flashcards
What is the structure and function of a ligament?
Is a connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
It binds the ends of the bones together to prevent dislocation and increase stability.
What is the structure and function of a tendon?
It is connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone.
Strong attachment of muscle to bone allow for movement and improves stability.
What is the structure and function of articular cartilage?
Smooth, slightly spongy cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint.
To prevent friction between bones at a joint and to act as a shock absorber.
What is the structure and function of fibrocartilage?
Cartilage made up of many thick collagen fibres.
Acts as a shock absorber between bones. (E.g. between vertebrae)
What is the structure and function of synovial fluid?
Viscous fluid contained within a synovial membrane.
To reduce friction between articulate cartilage in a joint.
What is the structure and function of a joint capsule?
Tough fibrous tissue that lies outside the synovial membrane.
Helps to strengthen the joint and the synovial membrane secretes the synovial fluid.
What is the structure and function of a bursa?
Flattened fibrous sac containing a thin layer of synovial fluid.
To prevent friction between a ligament/tendon and a bone.
What is the structure and function of meniscus?
A wedge of fibrocartilage.
Improves the fit between bones - improving stability, acting as a shock absorber and reducing friction.
What is the structure and function of a pad of fat?
A fatty pad located between the joint capsule and muscle or bone.
Provides cushioning to improve stability and prevent friction between muscles and the joint capsule.
What is a joint?
Two or more bones articulate to create movement.
What is flexion?
Movement that decreases the joint angle.
What is extension?
Movement that increases the joint angle.
What is Doris-flexion?
Decreases angle at the angle (bringing toe towards the tibia).
What is plantar-flexion?
Increase joint angle at ankle (moving toe down onto tiptoes).
What is abduction?
Lateral movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.
What is adduction?
Lateral movements of the limbs towards the midline of the body.
What is horizontal extension?
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground (backwards).
What is horizontal flexion?
Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground (across chest).
What is rotation? What are the 2 specific types?
Bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver action.
Medial (towards body), Lateral (away from body).
What movements happen during a sagittal plane (left - right)?
Flexion, Extension, Doris-flexion, Plantar-flexion.
What movements happen during a frontal plane (back - front)?
Abduction, Adduction.