Paper 1 - Injury Flashcards
Define sports injury
Any kind of injury, pain or physical damage that occurs as a result of sport, exercise or physical activity. Most commonly associated with the musculo-skeletal system: muscles; bones; ligaments; tendons; cartilage.
Define acute injury and chronic injury with examples
Acute injury - Sports injuries that occur in an instant. Examples = fracture, dislocation, strain, sprain.
Chronic injury - Sports injuries that occur over an extended period of time - sometimes called overuse injuries. Examples = tendinitis, stress fracture.
Define hard tissue injury and soft tissue injury with examples
Hard tissue injury - Injury, pain or physical damage to the solid structures of the musculo- skeletal system: bone; cartilage. Examples = fracture, stress fracture, dislocation, meniscus tear.
Soft tissue injury - Injury, pain or physical damage to the soft structures of the musculo- skeletal system: muscles, tendons, ligaments. Examples = tear, strain, sprain.
Define concussion
Concussion - A violent acceleration/deceleration force of the brain, resulting in impairment of neurological function. Can cause a contusion of the brain tissue or a haemorrhage inside the skull.
What’s the difference between a strain and a sprain
Both are acute injuries and both are soft tissue injuries.
A sprain refers to an injury of the ligament. A strain refers to an injury of the muscle or tendon. (Strain = over stretch and tear a muscle, Sprain = over stretch and tear a ligament).
What is the most frequently injured joint in the body? (Extra info)
The knee because it is the least stable joint in the body relying on 4 ligaments and 2 meniscus to increase its stability.
Common acute sports injuries : name the 6
Concussion
Dislocation
Fracture
Sprain
Strain
Cartilage tear
Common acute sports injuries : concussion (area of musculoskeletal system / hard or soft issue injury / brief outline / possible causes)
Head
Soft tissue but also Hard tissue (if skull gets fractured)
• when the brain is injured by contacting the inside of skull.
• either a contusion or bruise of the brain tissue occurs.
• …or a haemorrhage or bleeding inside the skull occurs.
any forceful collision with an object or athlete during contact sports
e.g. football, rugby, hockey.
a serious fall e.g. horse racing, skiing. a blow to the head e.g. boxing.
Common acute sports injuries : dislocation (area of musculoskeletal system / hard or soft tissue injury / brief outline / possible causes)
any joint; shoulder most common.
Hard tissue
• a joint injury where the ends of the bones are forced out of their original position.
violent contact with another athlete or solid object.
e.g. tackle in rugby.
falling on an outstretched hand
e.g. tripping in netball.
Common acute sports injuries : fracture (area of musculoskeletal system / hard or soft tissue injury / brief outline / possible causes)
Any bone
Hard tissue
• a broken bone which may be completely or partially fractured.
• there are many different types of fracture including: compound, simple, transverse.
high impact force to a bone.
e.g. aggressive tackle in football. e.g. bad landing from the vault in gymnastics
Common acute sports injuries : sprain (area of musculoskeletal system / hard or soft tissue injury / brief outline / possible causes)
any ligament - those in knee and ankle most common.
Soft tissue
• a stretch or tear in the ligament.
• a violent wrench or twist to the ligament.
• causing a grade 1, 2 or 3 tear.
Symptoms – pain, swelling, bruising, limited movement
high impact sports involving jumping, sprinting and changing direction.
e.g. basketball, hockey, netball commonly associated with ankle sprains.
Common acute sports injuries : strain (area of musculoskeletal system / hard or soft tissue injury / brief outline / possible causes)
any muscle or tendon.
Soft tissue
• a stretching injury to the muscle or tendon.
• also known as a ‘pulled muscle’.
• Symptoms – pain, swelling and bruising
explosive movements involving dynamic flexibility.
e.g. lower back strain in fast bowlers. e.g. groin strain in football and hockey players that requires fast pivoting.
Common acute sports injuries : cartilage tear (area of musculoskeletal system / hard or soft issue injury / brief outline / possible causes)
Any cartilage
Hard tissue
• commonly associated with the discs of fibrocartilage that cushion the knee joint - called the medial and lateral meniscus
• may accompany other injuries such as ligament sprains
forceful twisting of the knee, especially when the knee is bent. e.g. landing and changing direction in netball.
