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SAM II > Pansystemic Diseases > Flashcards

Pansystemic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Fever definition

A

Body temp set point in the brain is elevated by pyrogens and cooling mechanisms are turned down or off

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2
Q

Pyrogens definition

A

Chemicals produced within or without of the body that alter the brain set point for body temperature
- Inflammatory cytokines from with cells
- Bacterial cell walls

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3
Q

Hyperthermia definition

A

External influences generate more heat than can be effectively dissipated. Set point in brain remains normal.
- Environmental heat
- Muscle tremors
- Seizures

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4
Q

Pansystemic disease definition

A

Involving multiple body systems.
Cause may be viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic.

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5
Q

A 2yr old MN lab comes into your clinic with a rectal temp of 104F & hard muscle tremors of all limbs. Tx will be:
a. Anti-biotics
b. NSAID
c. Ice bath
d. Muscle relaxant to stop tremors

A

d. Muscle relaxant to stop tremors

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6
Q

Name four common clinical signs of pansystemic diseases (9)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Anorexia
  3. Depression
  4. Weight loss
  5. Vomiting/diarrhea
  6. Anemia
  7. Leukopenia
  8. Neurologic signs
  9. Respiratory signs
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7
Q

Feline Panleukopenia “Feline Distemper”
Etiology:
Transmission: (2)
Pathophysiology:

A
  1. Etiology:
    - Parvo virus (related to canine parvo)
  2. Transmission:
    - Direct contact: Bite wounds, grooming, etc
    - Indirect contact: Environment may be contaminated for years!
  3. Pathophysiology:
    - Virus attacks neonatal brain tissue, bone marrow, & GALT.
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8
Q

Feline Panleukopenia “Feline Distemper”
Clinical signs: (5)
Tx:
Prevention:

A
  1. Signs:
    - Fever
    - Vomiting/diarrhea
    - Panleukopenia
    - Abortions
    - Cerebellar gait in surviving neonates
  2. Tx:
    - Aggressive supportive care (IV fluids, AntiB, treat symptoms)
  3. Prevention:
    - Vaccinate all kittens at 8, 12, & 16 weeks of age.
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9
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Etiology: (2)
Pathophysiology:

A
  1. Etiology:
    - Abnormal body reaction to a common corona virus of cats.
    - Common in catteries.
  2. Pathophysiology:
    - Pyogranulomatous reaction in body cavities eyes, brain, or kidneys up to years after exposure to the virus
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10
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Diagnosis: (3)
Treatment: (1)

A
  1. Diagnosis:
    - High titers to FECV (feline corona virus)
    - Yellow, high protein effusion in chest or abdomen.
    - Tissue biopsy showing pyogranulomas.
  2. Treatment:
    - Supportive care
    - Usually rapidly fatal
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11
Q

Pyogranulomatous reaction means:
a. Fever & tumors
b. Lumpy pus
c. Neutrophils & macrophages
d. Pre-cancer

A

c. Neutrophils & macrophages

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12
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
Etiology
Transmission (4)

A
  1. Etiology
    - Retrovirus that can cause immunosuppression or trigger neoplasia (lymphoma).
  2. Transmission
    - Bite wounds
    - Grooming
    - Nursing
    - Exposure via fomites is rare
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13
Q

FeLV pathophysiology (3)

A

After exposure to the virus, one of the following will occur:
1. Transient infection
- 80% of exposed cats will clear virus from body within 6 weeks
2. Chronic infection, no clinical signs
- Asymptomatic state may last for years
3. Active infection with clinical signs
- Systemic illness
- Neoplasia

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14
Q

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
Diagnosis (2)
Treatment
Prevention (2)

A
  1. Diagnosis
    - ELISA screening test
    - If pos ELISA, retest in 3mo or confirm with IFA.
  2. Tx
    - Supportive care
  3. Prevention
    - Vaccinate all ELISA (-) cats
    - Keep all ELISA (+) cats indoors
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15
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV or Feline AIDS)
Etiology (2)
Clinical signs (6)

A
  1. Etiology
    - Lentivirus most common in outdoor male cats.
    - May be asymptomatic or show AIDS
  2. Signs
    - AIDS
    - Episodic fevers
    - Gingivitis
    - Weight loss
    - Anemia
    - Persistent or recurring infections
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16
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV or AIDS)
Treatment (2)
Prevention

A
  1. Treatment
    - Supportive care: Infections, inappetence
    - Antiviral agents: AZT, interferon
  2. Prevention
    - Test & isolate positive animals
17
Q
A
18
Q

Toxoplasmosis
Etiology:
Transmission: (3)
Pathophysiology: Cat (2) & dog (3)

A
  1. Etiology:
    - Coccidia parasite Toxoplasma gondii
  2. Transmission:
    - Ingestion of contaminated meat
    - Fecal-oral
    - Transplacental
  3. Pathophysiology:
    - Cat: Lungs & eyes most commonly affected
    - Dog: GI, lung, & CNS may be affected
19
Q

Toxoplasmosis
Diagnosis (2)
Treatment

A
  1. Diagnosis
    - Rising titer
    - Positive fecal
  2. Treatment
    - Clindamycin antiB for 3 weeks
20
Q

Toxoplasma ___ causes disease in cats. Carrier cats can shed organisms ___ over the course of ___. In humans, ___ people and unborn ___ are at risk. It can present as ___/___ loss, ___ disease, and ___ & ___ disease.

A
  1. Rarely
  2. Intermittently
  3. Years
  4. Immunocompromised
  5. Fetus’s
  6. Retinitis/vision
  7. Brain
  8. Liver & spleen
21
Q

Name three preventions of Toxoplasmosis (8)

A
  1. Wash hands after soil, sand, raw meat, or unwashed veggy exposure
  2. Cook meat completely
  3. Freeze meat for several days before cooking
  4. Wash all cutting boards & knives thoroughly
  5. Wash &/or peel all fruits & vegetables before eating
  6. Wear gloves when gardening
  7. Immunocompetent, unpregnant people should clean litterboxes
  8. Clean litterboxes daily
22
Q

Your friend is a VA and has just been confirmed pregnant. You advise your friend to:
a. Quit her job, zoonotic disease may affect pregnancy
b. Say nothing, it’s none of your business
c. Keep her job, but get rid of her cat
d. Tell her physician about her job & ask for zoonotic info

A

d. Tell her physician about her job & ask for zoonotic info

23
Q

Rabies
Who?
What?
Where?
How?
Diagnosis?
Treatment?
Prevention?
Incubation period:

A
  1. Who?
    - All mammals susceptible
  2. What?
    - Neurologic disease, always fatal
  3. Where?
    - Most of the world, except islands
  4. How?
    - Direct contact with saliva or tissue
  5. Diagnosis?
    - Brain immunofluorescence, tissue ELISA
  6. Treatment?
    - None
  7. Prevention?
    - Vaccinate & quarantine suspects!
  8. Incubation period
    - 3-8 weeks
24
Q

Rabies three stages of clinical signs & what happens:

A
  1. Prodromal stage:
    - Changes in behavior, inappropriate for species
  2. Furious stage:
    - Hyperreactive
    - “Dumb” stuporous
  3. Paralytic stage:
    - Ascending paralysis & death
25
Q

Name three ways to decrease rabies zoonotic risk (6)

A
  1. Assume any animal with neuro signs, bite wounds, or unknown vax status may be a carrier.
  2. Wear gloves when working with these animals
  3. Quarantine procedures
  4. Get vax if working with wildlife
  5. If bitten by animal with unknown vax status, report to Public Health
  6. Brain examination of fresh sample is only recognized definitive test for rabies in a biting animal.
26
Q

Canine Parvovirus
Who?
What?
Where?
How?
Dx?
Tx?

A
  1. Who?
    - Wild & domestic dogs
  2. What?
    - Potentially fatal vomiting/bloody diarrhea/low white count
  3. Where?
    - Worldwide since 1970’s
  4. How?
    - Fecal-oral transmission
  5. Dx?
    - Fecal ELISA
  6. Tx?
    - Supportive care
    - Vax to prevent
27
Q

Canine Parvo
Prevention (4)

A
  1. Vaccinate at 8 weeks and every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks old.
  2. Breeds at risk should be vaccinated every 4 weeks until 6mo old
    - Rottweiler
    - Dobermans
    - Pitbulls
  3. Puppies shouldn’t go to public places until vaccines complete
  4. Positive animals should be quarantined, will be contagious for 6 weeks, yards will be contagious for 3-6mo
28
Q

Canine Distemper
Etiology:
Transmission: (3)
Pathophysiology: (5)

A
  1. Etiology:
    - Paramyxovirus that is highly contagious but easily decontaminated
  2. Transmission:
    - Aerosol
    - Fecal/urine-oral
    - Transplacental
  3. Pathophysiology:
    - Leukopenia
    - Vomiting/diarrhea
    - Enamel dysplasia
    - Neuro signs
    - Abdominal skin pustules
29
Q

Canine Distemper
Treatment
Prevention (2)

A
  1. Treatment
    - Supportive care
  2. Prevention
    - Vaccinate
    - Quarantine suspected animals
30
Q

Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
Etiology: Infection (4) & Non-Infectious (3)
Treatment (3)

A
  1. Etiology:
    - Infection: Viral, bacterial, protozoal, & fungal.
    - Non-Infectious: Immune-mediated, neoplasia, drug reaction/toxin.
  2. Treatment:
    - Fluid support: Cool IV fluids & cool water enemas
    - Environmental cooling: Fans on Pt, ice blocks to cool stainless steel cage
    - Patient cooling: Wet head & neck, alcohol foot pads
31
Q

T/F: Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) must be differentiated from hyperthermia first

A

True

32
Q

Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
1. If fever occurred while patient had IV or urinary catheter: (2)
2. Occurred while receiving blood or plasma transfusion: (1)

A
  1. IV or urinary catheter:
    - Immediately change IVC
    - Culture catheter removed!!
  2. Blood or plasma transfusion:
    - Immediately stop transfusion & consult DVM

SAM II (10 decks)

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