Neuro System I: Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Neurons are the ___ functional units of the nervous system. They have a high requirement of ___. They cannot ___ but can ___ cell processes if the cell body remains intact.
- Basic
- Oxygen
- Reproduce
- Regenerate
Name the parts
Axons…
Dendrites…
- Conducts nerve impulses away
- Receive stimuli
Types of axons
1. Myelinated:
2. Myelin sheath:
- Myelinated: Conduct impulses faster then unmyelinated ones.
- Myelin sheath: Cell membrane of glial cells tightly wrapped around the axon.
Parts of the CNS
Brain & spinal cord
Parts of the PNS
- Extended outward from the central axis toward the periphery of the body
- Cranial nerves originate directly from the brain.
- Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord
Autonomatic vs Somatic
Auto: Controls automatic functions
Somatic: Actions under voluntary control
How does depolarization work?
- Neuron receives external stimulus.
- Sodium channel opens on neuron cell membrane.
- Sodium ions flow into cell by passive diffusion.
Action Potential is when inside of the neuron goes from a ___ charged resting membrane potential to a net ___ charge due to inflow of ___ ions. This creates a large change in electrical charge from ___ to ___.
- Negative
- Positive
- Sodium
- Negative to positive
Repolarization is when __ channels close, ___ channels open and diffuses out of the cell. ___ state restored.
- Sodium
- Potassium (K+)
- Resting
Synaptic Transmission:
Neurotransmitters ___ across the synaptic cleft toward the ___ membrane.
___ on the membrane bind the neurotransmitters.
- Diffuse
- Postsynaptic membrane
- Bind
Types of Neurotransmitters (3)
- Acetylcholine
- Catecholamines
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Describe the function of each neurotransmitter:
1. Acetylcholine
2. Catecholamines
3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- Can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on its location in the body.
- Norepinephrine & epinephrine - associated w/”fight or flight” reactions of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Inhibitory in CNS
CNS is made up of… (4)
1-3. Brain:
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain stem
4. Spinal cord
Cerebrum is the area of the brain responsible for…
Name three examples:
Higher-order behaviors
1. Learning
2. Intelligence
3. Awareness
Cerebrum is made up of… (2)
Describe what they are:
- Gray matter
- Cerebral cortex
- Outer layer of the brain - White matter
- Fibers beneath the cortex
Blood-brain barrier is the ___ walls in the brain that have no fenestrations. They are covered by cell membranes of ___ cells.
- Capillary walls
- Glial cells
T/F: The blood brain barrier prevents many drugs, proteins, ions, & other molecules from readily passing from the blood into the brain.
True
Each of the ___ cranial nerve pairs contain axons of ___ neurons, axons of ___ neurons, or combinations of both.
- 12 cranial nerve pairs
- Motor neurons
- Sensory neurons
Autonomic nervous system controls ___ functions of the subconscious level.
Sympathetic nervous system is the ____ ___ ___ response.
Parasympathetic nervous system is the ___ & ___ system.
- Automatic
- Fight or flight
- Rest & restore
