Pancreatic secretion

Question 1

What substances do acini produce

Answer 1

Lipases, proteases and amylases

Question 2

What structure are prancreatic enzymes contained in

Answer 2

zymogen granules

Question 3

What are the centroacinar cells

Answer 3

the cells of the intercalated

ducts that extend partially into the lumen of pancreatic acini

Question 4

What is the name of the region where the main pancreatic enters the duodenum

Answer 4

ampulla of Vater

Question 5

Which portions of the pancreatic duct forms the main pancreatic duct

Answer 5

dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts

Question 6

Where do the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts join to form the main pancreatic duct

Answer 6

The head of the pancreas

Question 7

Which nerves stimulate pancreatic secretion

Answer 7

Cholinergic nerves

Question 8

Food in the stomach stimulates stretch receptors which stimulates pancreatic secretion by which reflex

Answer 8

Vasovagal reflex

Question 9

Most of the pancreatic secretion is controlled by..

Answer 9

Secretin and CCK

Question 10

Function of trypsin inhibitors

Answer 10

Prevents activation of proteases in the pancreas

Question 11

What happens if trypsin is activated in the pancreatic cells

Answer 11

Pancreatitis

Question 12

Function of pancreatic amylase

Answer 12

Hydrolyze a-1,4-glucoside linkage of complex carbohydrates into maltose, maltotriose and alpha limit dextrin

Question 13

Which carbohydrate cannot be broken down by pancreatic amylase

Answer 13

B linkages of cellulose

Question 14

Another name for sterol lipase

Answer 14

Cholesterol esterase

Question 15

Products that pancreatic lipase produce

Answer 15

2 fatty acids and a monoglyeride

Question 16

What is necessary for pancreatic lipase to be effective

Answer 16

Colipase

Question 17

Function of colipase

Answer 17

Removes bile salts from micelles so pancreatic lipase can bind to them

Question 18

Function of cholesterol esterase

Answer 18

Break down cholesterol esters into cholesterol and fatty acids

Question 19

Inactive zymogens that pancreatic proteases are secreted as

Answer 19

Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase

Question 20

Active form of trypsinogen

Answer 20

Trypsin (endopeptidase)

Question 21

Active form of chymotrypsinogen

Answer 21

Chymotrypsin (endopeptidase)

Question 22

Procarboxypeptidase

Answer 22

Carboxypeptidase (exopeptidase)

Question 23

What activates trypsinogen

Answer 23

Enterokinase

Question 24

What activates chymotrypsinogen

Answer 24

Trypsin

Question 25

What activates procarboxypeptidase

Answer 25

Trypsin

Question 26

What organ secretes enterokinase

Answer 26

Lining of small intestine

Question 27

Reason for isotonic fluid in pancreas

Answer 27

High permeability of the duct to water

Question 28

Function of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFRT)

Answer 28

A chloride channel that allow Cl- to enter lumen and bring water with it

Question 29

What activates CFRT

Answer 29

cAMP

Question 30

What happens in Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 30

Mutation on chromosome 7 of the CFTR gene causing the Cl- to not go into the lumen and bring water, leading to very viscous mucus

Question 31

What is exchanged for Cl- when it enter the lumen

Answer 31

Bicarbonate ions

Question 32

How does secretin lead to secretion of bicarbonate

Answer 32

Secretn activates Gs—cAMP which activates CFTR leading to secretion of chloride then exchange with bicarbonate

Question 33

Secretin is released in response to

Answer 33

acid in the duodenum

Question 34

CCK is released in response to

Answer 34

Proteins and amino acids

Question 35

CCK results in release of

Answer 35

enzymes such as proteases, lipases and amylases

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter also causes release of secretin and CCK

Answer 36

Acetylcholine (from parasympathetics- vagus nerve)

Question 37

Which drug can inhibit acetylcholine release on acinus and duct cells

Answer 37

Atropine or parasympathetic inhibitors