Pancreatic secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What substances do acini produce

A

Lipases, proteases and amylases

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2
Q

What structure are prancreatic enzymes contained in

A

zymogen granules

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3
Q

What are the centroacinar cells

A

the cells of the intercalated

ducts that extend partially into the lumen of pancreatic acini

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4
Q

What is the name of the region where the main pancreatic enters the duodenum

A

ampulla of Vater

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5
Q

Which portions of the pancreatic duct forms the main pancreatic duct

A

dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts

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6
Q

Where do the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts join to form the main pancreatic duct

A

The head of the pancreas

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7
Q

Which nerves stimulate pancreatic secretion

A

Cholinergic nerves

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8
Q

Food in the stomach stimulates stretch receptors which stimulates pancreatic secretion by which reflex

A

Vasovagal reflex

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9
Q

Most of the pancreatic secretion is controlled by..

A

Secretin and CCK

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10
Q

Function of trypsin inhibitors

A

Prevents activation of proteases in the pancreas

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11
Q

What happens if trypsin is activated in the pancreatic cells

A

Pancreatitis

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12
Q

Function of pancreatic amylase

A

Hydrolyze a-1,4-glucoside linkage of complex carbohydrates into maltose, maltotriose and alpha limit dextrin

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13
Q

Which carbohydrate cannot be broken down by pancreatic amylase

A

B linkages of cellulose

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14
Q

Another name for sterol lipase

A

Cholesterol esterase

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15
Q

Products that pancreatic lipase produce

A

2 fatty acids and a monoglyeride

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16
Q

What is necessary for pancreatic lipase to be effective

17
Q

Function of colipase

A

Removes bile salts from micelles so pancreatic lipase can bind to them

18
Q

Function of cholesterol esterase

A

Break down cholesterol esters into cholesterol and fatty acids

19
Q

Inactive zymogens that pancreatic proteases are secreted as

A

Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase

20
Q

Active form of trypsinogen

A

Trypsin (endopeptidase)

21
Q

Active form of chymotrypsinogen

A

Chymotrypsin (endopeptidase)

22
Q

Procarboxypeptidase

A

Carboxypeptidase (exopeptidase)

23
Q

What activates trypsinogen

A

Enterokinase

24
Q

What activates chymotrypsinogen

25
What activates procarboxypeptidase
Trypsin
26
What organ secretes enterokinase
Lining of small intestine
27
Reason for isotonic fluid in pancreas
High permeability of the duct to water
28
Function of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFRT)
A chloride channel that allow Cl- to enter lumen and bring water with it
29
What activates CFRT
cAMP
30
What happens in Cystic Fibrosis
Mutation on chromosome 7 of the CFTR gene causing the Cl- to not go into the lumen and bring water, leading to very viscous mucus
31
What is exchanged for Cl- when it enter the lumen
Bicarbonate ions
32
How does secretin lead to secretion of bicarbonate
Secretn activates Gs---cAMP which activates CFTR leading to secretion of chloride then exchange with bicarbonate
33
Secretin is released in response to
acid in the duodenum
34
CCK is released in response to
Proteins and amino acids
35
CCK results in release of
enzymes such as proteases, lipases and amylases
36
Which neurotransmitter also causes release of secretin and CCK
Acetylcholine (from parasympathetics- vagus nerve)
37
Which drug can inhibit acetylcholine release on acinus and duct cells
Atropine or parasympathetic inhibitors