Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards
Three places in the body where fatty acid synthesis occurs
Cytosol of liver, lactating mammary glands and adipose tissue
From which molecules is acetyl coA for fatty acid synthesis derived
Pyruvate and ketogenic amino acids (eg. oxaloacetate)
From where is NADPH for fatty acid synthesis derived
Malic enzyme and HMP Shunt
Pyruvate need for fatty acid synthesis is derived from what molecules through what process
Glucose through glycolysis
Pyruvate is split into which two compounds in the mitochondrai
Acetyl coA and Oxaloacetate
Which enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl coA
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Which enzyme converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate
Pyruvate carboxylase (biotin)
Pyruvate and OAA combine to form which molecule via which enzyme
Citrate via citrate synthase
Citrate serves as an activator for which enzyme
Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin)
Citrate is broken down to which compounds in the mitochonria
OAA and acetyl coA
Which enzyme breaks down citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl coA
ATP-citrate lyase
Which enzyme converts OAA to malate
malate dehydrogenase
Which enzyme converts malate to pyruvate
malic enzyme
Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin) facilitates the conversion of which molecule to which product
Acetyl coA to Malonyl coA with CO2 and ATP
Fatty acid synthase facilitates the conversion of which molecule to which product
malonyl coA to fatty acid palmitate
What is the rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis
Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin)
Which hormone activates Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin) and how
insulin by dephosphorylating it through the activation of protein phosphatase
Which hormone inhibits Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin) and how
Glucagon, by phosphorylating it through the action of ATP-kinase
Which intermediate in fatty acid synthesis inhibits Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin)
Fatty acyl coA
What is the only fatty acid humans can synthesize de novo
Palmitate
Which vitamin is contained within acyl carrier protein
Vitamin pantothenic acid
What is the non-enzyme domain of fatty acid synthase complex and it’s function
acyl carrier protein, needed to carry acyl groups form one catalytic site to the next
Which enzyme releases palmitic acid at the end of 7 cycles during fatty acid synthesis
palmitoyl thioesterase
What kind of diet leads to an increase in fatty acid synthesis
High carb and low fat diet
Elongation of fatty acids in done by which enzyme
Elongase
Where in the body are very long fatty acids made
The brain
Microsomal elongation of fatty acids occur in which organelle
Smooth ER
Reversal of beta oxidation for fatty acid elongation occurs in which organelle
Mitochondria
In which organelle are desaturases found
Smooth ER
Desaturases for fatty acid desaturation require which three things to work
NADH, cytochrome B5 and FAD reductase
What is the highest carbon number humans can desaturate
9th carbon
Two fatty acids that are essential because they are desaturated after the 10th carbon
linoleic acid and alpha linoleic acid
