Fatty Acid Synthesis

Question 1

Three places in the body where fatty acid synthesis occurs

Answer 1

Cytosol of liver, lactating mammary glands and adipose tissue

Question 2

From which molecules is acetyl coA for fatty acid synthesis derived

Answer 2

Pyruvate and ketogenic amino acids (eg. oxaloacetate)

Question 3

From where is NADPH for fatty acid synthesis derived

Answer 3

Malic enzyme and HMP Shunt

Question 4

Pyruvate need for fatty acid synthesis is derived from what molecules through what process

Answer 4

Glucose through glycolysis

Question 5

Pyruvate is split into which two compounds in the mitochondrai

Answer 5

Acetyl coA and Oxaloacetate

Question 6

Which enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl coA

Answer 6

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 7

Which enzyme converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate

Answer 7

Pyruvate carboxylase (biotin)

Question 8

Pyruvate and OAA combine to form which molecule via which enzyme

Answer 8

Citrate via citrate synthase

Question 9

Citrate serves as an activator for which enzyme

Answer 9

Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin)

Question 10

Citrate is broken down to which compounds in the mitochonria

Answer 10

OAA and acetyl coA

Question 11

Which enzyme breaks down citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl coA

Answer 11

ATP-citrate lyase

Question 12

Which enzyme converts OAA to malate

Answer 12

malate dehydrogenase

Question 13

Which enzyme converts malate to pyruvate

Answer 13

malic enzyme

Question 14

Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin) facilitates the conversion of which molecule to which product

Answer 14

Acetyl coA to Malonyl coA with CO2 and ATP

Question 15

Fatty acid synthase facilitates the conversion of which molecule to which product

Answer 15

malonyl coA to fatty acid palmitate

Question 16

What is the rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 16

Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin)

Question 17

Which hormone activates Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin) and how

Answer 17

insulin by dephosphorylating it through the activation of protein phosphatase

Question 18

Which hormone inhibits Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin) and how

Answer 18

Glucagon, by phosphorylating it through the action of ATP-kinase

Question 19

Which intermediate in fatty acid synthesis inhibits Acetyl coA carboxylase (biotin)

Answer 19

Fatty acyl coA

Question 20

What is the only fatty acid humans can synthesize de novo

Answer 20

Palmitate

Question 21

Which vitamin is contained within acyl carrier protein

Answer 21

Vitamin pantothenic acid

Question 22

What is the non-enzyme domain of fatty acid synthase complex and it’s function

Answer 22

acyl carrier protein, needed to carry acyl groups form one catalytic site to the next

Question 23

Which enzyme releases palmitic acid at the end of 7 cycles during fatty acid synthesis

Answer 23

palmitoyl thioesterase

Question 24

What kind of diet leads to an increase in fatty acid synthesis

Answer 24

High carb and low fat diet

Question 25

Elongation of fatty acids in done by which enzyme

Answer 25

Elongase

Question 26

Where in the body are very long fatty acids made

Answer 26

The brain

Question 27

Microsomal elongation of fatty acids occur in which organelle

Answer 27

Smooth ER

Question 28

Reversal of beta oxidation for fatty acid elongation occurs in which organelle

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

In which organelle are desaturases found

Answer 29

Smooth ER

Question 30

Desaturases for fatty acid desaturation require which three things to work

Answer 30

NADH, cytochrome B5 and FAD reductase

Question 31

What is the highest carbon number humans can desaturate

Answer 31

9th carbon

Question 32

Two fatty acids that are essential because they are desaturated after the 10th carbon

Answer 32

linoleic acid and alpha linoleic acid