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Kaplan GIT > GIT Digestion & Absorption > Flashcards

GIT Digestion & Absorption Flashcards

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1
Q

Enzymes produced by which organ are needed for digestions of macromolecules

A

Pancreas

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2
Q

Which enzymes in the small intestines are needed to break down carbs

A

Sucrase, lactaste

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3
Q

Which enzyme in the small intestines is needed to break down proteins

A

Peptidase

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4
Q

Which enzyme in the stomach is needed to break down proteins

A

Pepsin

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5
Q

Triglycerides are proken down to what

A

2’-Monoglycerides

Fatty acids

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6
Q

Proteins are broken down to what

A 
Amino acids (40%)
Di-, Tripeptides (60%)
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7
Q

Carbohydrates are broken down to what

A

Glucose, Galactose,

Fructose

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8
Q

Which transporter carries glucose and galactose into epithelial cells

A

Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter (SGLT 1)

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9
Q

By which type of diffusion do galactose, fructose and glucose get absorbed into the blood stream

A

Facilitated diffusion with a GLUT 2 transporter

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10
Q

Which transporter carries peptides into epithelial cells

A

Na-H antiporter

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11
Q

By which type of diffusion do peptides get absorbed into the blood stream

A

simple diffusion and some protein-mediated transport

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12
Q

Substances found in the micelles

A 
Fatty acids (long chain)
2-monoglyceride
Cholesterol
Lysolecithin
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Bile salts
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13
Q

Which structure allows for the diffusion of fat into epithelial cells

A

Micelles

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14
Q

In the epithelial cells, triglyceride is resynthesized and forms what structure

A

Chylomicrons

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15
Q

How do chylomicrons leave the intestine

A

Via the lymphatic circulation

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16
Q

Chylomicrons that leave the intestine via the lymphatic circulation enter the bloodstream via what duct

A

The thoracic duct

17
Q

Which type of fatty acids can be absorbed by simple diffusion
directly into the bloodstream

A

water-soluble short-chain fatty acids

18
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

19
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble

A

Vitamins B and C

20
Q

Which water soluble vitamin is not dependent on Na+ transport

A

B12

21
Q

What do chylomicron convert to

A

VLDL

22
Q

Where does absorption of most divalent ions and water-soluble vitamins begin

A

Duodenum

23
Q

What redissolves calcium and iron salts, which facilitates

their absorption in the small intestine

A

Stomach acid

24
Q

Calcium absorption is enhanced by

A

Calbindin

25
Q

What induces synthesis of calbindin

A

Calcitriol (active vitamin D)

26
Q

What is the name for active vitamin D

A

Calcitriol

27
Q

Which protein facilitates iron

absorption

A

Ferritin

28
Q

What is absorbed in the jejunum

A

Water and electrolytes

29
Q

What is absorbed in the ileum and what is secreted

A

Water, sodium, chloride, and potassium

While bicarbonate is secreted

30
Q

What is absorbed in the distal ileum

A

Bile salts and intrinsic factor with Vitamin B12

31
Q

What is absorbed in the colon

A

Water and sodium chloride,

32
Q

Main function of the rest of the colon after the transverse colon

A

Storage

33
Q

Effect of aldosterone on the colon

A

Increases sodium and

water reabsorption and potassium secretion

34
Q

Two types of diarrhea

A

Osmotic and Secretory

35
Q

What type of diarrhea does lactase in deficiency cause

A

Osmotic

36
Q

What causes osmotic diarrhea

A

Presence of non-absorbable solutes in the intestines

37
Q

What causes secretory diarrhea

A

Excessive secretion of fluid by crypt cells

38
Q

What is administered to patients with diarrhea

A

Oral rehydration containing glucose, sodium, bicarbonate and chloride

Kaplan GIT (15 decks)

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