GIT Digestion & Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes produced by which organ are needed for digestions of macromolecules

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which enzymes in the small intestines are needed to break down carbs

A

Sucrase, lactaste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which enzyme in the small intestines is needed to break down proteins

A

Peptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which enzyme in the stomach is needed to break down proteins

A

Pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Triglycerides are proken down to what

A

2’-Monoglycerides

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proteins are broken down to what

A
Amino acids (40%)
Di-, Tripeptides (60%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbohydrates are broken down to what

A

Glucose, Galactose,

Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which transporter carries glucose and galactose into epithelial cells

A

Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter (SGLT 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

By which type of diffusion do galactose, fructose and glucose get absorbed into the blood stream

A

Facilitated diffusion with a GLUT 2 transporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which transporter carries peptides into epithelial cells

A

Na-H antiporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

By which type of diffusion do peptides get absorbed into the blood stream

A

simple diffusion and some protein-mediated transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Substances found in the micelles

A
Fatty acids (long chain)
2-monoglyceride
Cholesterol
Lysolecithin
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Bile salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which structure allows for the diffusion of fat into epithelial cells

A

Micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the epithelial cells, triglyceride is resynthesized and forms what structure

A

Chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do chylomicrons leave the intestine

A

Via the lymphatic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chylomicrons that leave the intestine via the lymphatic circulation enter the bloodstream via what duct

A

The thoracic duct

17
Q

Which type of fatty acids can be absorbed by simple diffusion
directly into the bloodstream

A

water-soluble short-chain fatty acids

18
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

19
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble

A

Vitamins B and C

20
Q

Which water soluble vitamin is not dependent on Na+ transport

21
Q

What do chylomicron convert to

22
Q

Where does absorption of most divalent ions and water-soluble vitamins begin

23
Q

What redissolves calcium and iron salts, which facilitates

their absorption in the small intestine

A

Stomach acid

24
Q

Calcium absorption is enhanced by

25
What induces synthesis of calbindin
Calcitriol (active vitamin D)
26
What is the name for active vitamin D
Calcitriol
27
Which protein facilitates iron | absorption
Ferritin
28
What is absorbed in the jejunum
Water and electrolytes
29
What is absorbed in the ileum and what is secreted
Water, sodium, chloride, and potassium While bicarbonate is secreted
30
What is absorbed in the distal ileum
Bile salts and intrinsic factor with Vitamin B12
31
What is absorbed in the colon
Water and sodium chloride,
32
Main function of the rest of the colon after the transverse colon
Storage
33
Effect of aldosterone on the colon
Increases sodium and | water reabsorption and potassium secretion
34
Two types of diarrhea
Osmotic and Secretory
35
What type of diarrhea does lactase in deficiency cause
Osmotic
36
What causes osmotic diarrhea
Presence of non-absorbable solutes in the intestines
37
What causes secretory diarrhea
Excessive secretion of fluid by crypt cells
38
What is administered to patients with diarrhea
Oral rehydration containing glucose, sodium, bicarbonate and chloride