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Kaplan GIT > GIT Histology > Flashcards

GIT Histology Flashcards

1
Q

4 layers of the GI tract walls

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

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2
Q

Components of the mucosa

A

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa

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3
Q

What type epithelium lining is in the GIT for protection

A

stratified squamous

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4
Q

Where is stratified squamos epithelium found

A

in the pharynx and esophagus

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5
Q

What type epithelium lining is in the GIT for secretion

A

Simple columnar

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6
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found

A

Stomach and intestines

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7
Q

Responsible for IgA production, is found in the lamina propria

A

GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosa

A

confers some motility to the

mucosa and facilitates discharge of secretions from glands

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9
Q

Function of the submucosa

A

houses the larger blood vessels and

mucous-secreting glands

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10
Q

2 layers of the muscularis externa

A

An inner

circular and an outer longitudinal

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11
Q

Describe the muscualris externa in the upper 1/3 of the esophagus and the lower 1/3

A

The muscle is striated in the upper third of

the esophagus and smooth elsewhere.

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12
Q

Layer of the epithelium that doubles to form mesentery

A

Serosa

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13
Q

Location of Auerbach’s plexus

A

between the 2 muscle layers of the muscularis externa

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14
Q

Plexus that is affected in Hirschsprung disease

A

Auerbach’s plexus ( deficiency of terminal

ganglion cells in the ganglia that affects digestive tract mobility)

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15
Q

Location of intrinsic innervation in the GIT

A

within the walls of the GI tract

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16
Q

What makes up the extrinsic innervation of the GIT

A

parasympathetic

(stimulatory) and sympathetic (inhibitory) axons

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17
Q

Function of sensory fibers accompanying the parasympathetic nerves in the GIT

A

mediate visceral reflexes and sensations, such as hunger and rectal fullness

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18
Q

Location of Brunners glands

A

Submucosa od duodenum

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19
Q

Location of Peyer’s patches

A

Mucosa of Ileum

20
Q

Location of crypts of Lieberkuhns

A

Small and large intestines

21
Q

Location of gastric glands

A

Mucosa of stomach

22
Q

Section of the GIT that lack villi

A

Large intestines

23
Q

Location of plicae

A

Small and large intestines

24
Q

Location of most developed plicae

A

Jejunum

25
Q

Location of M cells found over
lymphatic nodules
and Peyer’s patches

A

Ileum

26
Q

Function of Mucous cells

A

Secrete mucous; form protective layer against

acid

27
Q

Function of Chief cells

A

Secrete pepsinogen and lipase precursor

28
Q

Function of Parietal cells

A

Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

29
Q

Function of EE cells

A

High concentration of cells that secrete

cholecystokinin and secretin

30
Q

Function of Paneth cells

A

Contains granules that contain lysozyme

31
Q

Function of Goblet

A

Secrete acid glycoproteins that protect mucosal

linings

32
Q

Macrophage-like antigen-presenting

cells thatare present in the epithelial lining

A

Langerhans cells

33
Q

Function of intrinsic factor

A

necessary for absorption of vitamin B12

34
Q

Lack of absorption of Vitamin B12 leads to

A

pernicious anemia

35
Q

How is pepsinogen converted to pepsin

A

By acid

36
Q

Three substances that activate secretion of parietal cells

A

Ach, HCl increase by gastrin and histamine

37
Q

What is pepsinogen stored in in cheif ells

A

zymogen granules

38
Q

Which cell types are basophilic

A

Chief cells

39
Q

Which cell are acidophilic

A

Parietal cells

40
Q

What factors increase rate of mucous secretion

A

cholinergic stimulation, chemical

irritation, and physical irritation

41
Q

Function of Brunners glands

A

neutralize chyme from the stomach by neutral or alkaline mucous secretions

42
Q

From what two organs do the duodenum receive digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

A

pancreas and liver (bile)

43
Q

Function of enterocytes

A

Participate in the

final digestion steps and they absorb the digested food

44
Q

What nerve innervates the external anal sphincter

A

Pudenal nerve

45
Q

What is the Valsalva maneuver

A

Voluntary increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Kaplan GIT (15 decks)

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