Pancreas A&P Flashcards
is the pancreas an intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organ?
retroperitoneal
where is the pancreas located?
between the C-loop of the duodenum and splenic hilum
normal size of a pancreas is
15 to 20 cm long
T/F: the pancreas increases in size with age
FALSE, it decreases in size with age
what are the 4 segments of the pancreas?
- head
- neck
- body
- tail
the head is the most __________ part of the pancreas
inferior
what is the uncinate process?
medial projection of the pancreatic head that lies immediately posterior to the SMV
the ___ is just posterior to the pancreas neck
portal-splenic confluence
the pancreatic body is anterior to the ______ and ______
SMA and AO
the pancreatic tail is the most ________ portion
superior
the pancreas tail is anterior to the _________
splenic vein
what is the duct of wirsung?
the main duct of the pancreas
diameter of the duct of wirsung is
2 to 3 mm
the duct of wirsung meets the __________ at the pancreas head
CBD
what is the duct of santorini?
accessory duct
branch of the main pancreatic duct
T/F: the pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine gland
TRUE
_________ cells make up 99% of pancreatic tissue and produce digestive enzymes
acinar
enzyme that digests carbohydrates
amylase
enzyme that digests fats
lipase
enzyme that neutralizes stomach acid
sodium bicarbonate
enzymes (3) that digest proteins
- trypsin
- chymotrypsin
- carboxypolypeptidase
________ secrete hormones from the pancreas
islets of langerhans
alpha cells of the pancreas secrete
glucagon
beta cells of the pancreas secrete
insulin
delta cells of the pancreas secrete
somatostatin
the ________ provides blood to the pancreas head
gastroduodenal artery (GDA)
the ___ and ____ provide blood to the body and tail of the pancreas
splenic artery and SMA
venous drainage of the pancreas consists of (4)
- splenic vein
- SMV
- IMV
- portal vein
pancreatic tissue that surrounds the C-loop of the duodenum
annular pancreas
abnormal fusion of the pancreatic ducts
pancreas divisum
The most common congenital variant of the pancreas is _____
pancreas divisum
patients with pancreas divisum have a shortened ______ and are prone to suffer from ______
duct of wirsung
pancreatitis
what is the best transducer to scan the pancreas?
2.5 to 5.0 MHz curved
indications for a pancreas ultrasound (4)
- epigastric pain
- pancreatitis
- jaundice (head tumor)
- newly developed diabetes
the pancreas is isoechoic to hyperechoic than the
liver
the head of the pancreas is _____ to the IVC
anterior
the head of the pancreas is ____ to the duodenum
medial
CBD is _______ to the pancreatic head
gastroduodenal artery is _____ to the pancreatic head
CBD is posterolateral
gastroduodenal artery is anterolateral
SMA and SMV are ___ to the pancreatic neck and ____ to the uncinate process
posterior to neck
anterior to uncinate process
the AO is ___ to the body of the pancreas
posterior
celiac axis arises from the AO at the ____ border of the pancreas
superior
SMA arises from the AO at the ____ border of the pancreas
inferior
what vessel is the main landmark for the pancreas?
splenic vein
the SMV is to the ___ of the SMA
right
structures in contact with the pancreatic head (5)
IVC
CBD
ampulla of vater
gastroduodenal artery
C-loop of duodenum (2nd portion)
the uncinate process is ____ to the SMA and SMV
posterior
the splenic vein is ____ to the pancreas
posteroinferior
the stomach is ____ to the pancreatic body and tail and ___ to the splenic hilum
anterior to the pancreatic body and tail
anterior/medial to the splenic hilum
tail of the pancreas is ___ to the stomach and ___ to the upper pole of the left kidney
posterior to stomach
anterior to upper pole of the left kidney
the splenic artery is ____ to the pancreas
superior/anterior
